This study is to see whether the combination regimen of ketorolac and nefopam is superior to that of ketorolac and morphine in controlling ureter stone-related acute flank pain.
The balanced analgesia regimen using both ketorolac and morphine is the most effective choice in controlling urolithiasis related acute pain. Previous animal and human studies reported that combination regimen of ketoprofen and nefopam showed synergistic effect in pain control. We hypothesized that using nefopam instead of morphine for ketorolac based combination analgesia will produce similar pain reduction without causing opioid-related side effect.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
111
Sequential intravenous administration of ketorolac and nefopam
Sequential intravenous administration of ketorolac and morphine
This arm do not use balanced analgesia. Instead, ketorolac IV administration followed by 50cc normal saline administration (for blinding) will be used in this group.
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Seongnam-si, Kyeongi-do, South Korea
RECRUITINGAmount of pain reduction by visual analog pain scale
Time frame: At 30 and 60 minutes after primary study drug administration
Additional analgesia requested by enrolled patients
Time frame: At 30 and 60 minutes after primary study drug administration
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