Efficacy and Safety of Odanacatib in Postmenopausal Women Previously Treated With Alendronate (MK-0822-050)

Inclusion Criteria: * In good general health, and postmenopausal for at least 5 years or more * Diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis * Currently taking alendronate for at least 3 years or more for the treatment of osteoporosis * One hip free of orthopedic hardware (ie, total hip device, hip pin); anatomy is suitable to undergo a dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (ie, bone mineral density scan) * Agrees to not to use any other medications for the treatment of osteoporosis except those provided to the participant during the study Exclusion Criteria: * Evidence of metabolic bone disorder * History of malignancy (cancer) for 5 years or less * Active thyroid disease that cannot be managed with medication * Severe renal insufficiency (kidney disease), myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke or revascularization, untreated malabsorption syndrome, and/or osteonecrosis of the jaw, or anticipates undergoing a major dental procedure (e.g. dental extraction or implantation) * Use, misuse, abuse, and/or addiction of illicit drugs and/or recent history (within the last year) of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence * Use of estrogen with or without progestin and/or raloxifene (ie, Evista®) or tamoxifen (ie, Nolvadex®, Tamofen®) * Use of any oral bisphosphonate therapy other than alendronate; intravenous bisphosphonates (zoledronate, ibandronate, pamidronate); any form of calcitonin other than intranasal; anabolic steroids; and/or Strontium-containing products (ie, Osteovalin™)