The purpose of this study is to determine whether hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in response to the ingestion of a mixture of glucose and fructose is greater in South Asians compared to controls (Caucasians).
South Asians, who originate from the Indian subcontinent and make up one-fifth of the world's population, are among the highest number who suffer from heart disease and diabetes. The results of many research studies suggest that genes play a role in developing heart disease and diabetes that is made worse by the diet in the United States. Fructose is a sugar widely used in the American diet, and when consumed, it is taken up by the liver and changed into fats through a process called de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The current study will compare this change into fats in the liver between South Asians and Caucasians. The participants will be screened on the initial visit, and on the second visit, the DNL response will be measured in the blood over four hours after drinking one sweetened beverage, containing half glucose, half fructose, similar to a soft drink. We expect that DNL in response to fructose intake is higher in South Asians when compared to Caucasians and may partially explain why South Asians have earlier heart disease and diabetes.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SCREENING
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
39
Consumption of a sweet beverage (Fructose:Glucose 1:1, 3g/kg) over 1/2 hour. Blood sampling will occur before and after consumption of beverage.
The Rogosin Institute
New York, New York, United States
Weill Cornell Medical College Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC)
New York, New York, United States
Fold Change in Plasma Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Triglyceride Palmitate
Fold change in plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride palmitate between South Asians and Caucasians from baseline to 4 hours after an oral challenge of fructose:glucose, 1:1.
Time frame: 4 hours
Fold Changes in VLDL Triglycerides in South Asians and Caucasians
1\) A comparison of the fold changes in very low density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL TG)in the 2 study groups between 0 and 4 hours.
Time frame: 4 hours
Peak Glucose Levels in 2 Study Groups
A comparison of peak levels of glucose at one hour. Glucose is expected to increase after ingestion of glucose/fructose.
Time frame: 1 hour
Peak Insulin Levels in 2 Study Groups
A comparison of the mean peak insulin level at one hour in each group. Insulin is expected to increase after ingestion of glucose/fructose.
Time frame: 1 hour
Peak Gastric Inhibitory Protein (GIP) Levels in the 2 Study Groups
A comparison of the mean peak gastric inhibitory protein (GIP) at 2 hours in each group. GIP is expected to increase after ingestion of glucose/fructose.
Time frame: 2 hours
Correlations Between Fold Change in VLDL TG Palmitate and Other Biomarkers of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism
Correlations between fold change in VLDL TG palmitate at 4 hours with other biomarkers of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in each study group.
Time frame: 4 hours
Fold Changes in Triglycerides in 2 Study Groups
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1\) A comparison of the fold changes in total triglycerides (TG) in the 2 study groups between 0 and 4 hours.
Time frame: 4 hours
Peak Lactate Levels in 2 Study Groups
A comparison of peak levels of lactate (at one hour). Lactate is expected to increase after ingestion of glucose/fructose.
Time frame: 1 hour
Nadir Non-esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) Levels in 2 Study Groups
A comparison of the nadir level of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA at 2 hours). NEFA are expected to decrease.
Time frame: 2 hours
Peak Glucose in 2 Study Groups
A comparison of peak levels of glucose at 1 hour. Glucose is expected to increase after ingestion of glucose/fructose.
Time frame: 1 hour