The primary objective of the study is to determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of ALO-02 extended-release capsules, when compared to placebo, in subjects with moderate to severe chronic low back pain.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
410
Change in Weekly Average Electronic Diary (eDiary) Numeric Rating Scale -Pain (NRS-Pain) Score From Randomization Baseline to Final 2 Weeks (Average of Weeks 11 and 12)
Weekly average diary NRS-Pain scores were derived from the daily NRS-pain scale and calculated as the mean of the last 7 days. NRS-Pain scores based on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 11 and 12
Change in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) Total Score From Randomization Baseline to the End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit).
The RMDQ is a 24-item questionnaire designed to measure self-rated disability due to back pain. An individual participant's score can vary from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severe disability), with a lower score indicating better function; higher score indicating greater disability.
Time frame: Week 12
Percentage (%) of Participants With Shift in Patient Global Assessment (PGA) by Category With Baseline PGA Score of Very Good (1), Good (2), Fair (3), Poor (4), Very Poor (5) From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit).
Measure represents the score at Randomization Baseline / score at Week 12 (or Early Termination) in PGA, a global evaluation that utilizes a 5-point Likert scale with a score of 1 being the best (Very Good) and a score of 5 being the worst (Very Poor).
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 12
Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Weekly Average eDiary NRS-Pain Scores From Screening to Final 2 Weeks of the Double-Blind Treatment Period (Average of Weeks 11 and 12) by Cumulative Percent Reduction of Greater or Equal to (≥) 20%
Weekly average Diary NRS-pain scores are derived from the daily pain NRS and calculated as the mean of the last 7 days. Scores range from 0 equals (=) no pain to 10 = worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain.
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Coastal Clinical Research, Inc.
Mobile, Alabama, United States
Dedicated Clinical Research
Goodyear, Arizona, United States
Arizona Research Center
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Premier Research Group Limited
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Anaheim Clinical Trials, LLC
Anaheim, California, United States
Med Center
Carmichael, California, United States
Med Investigations, Inc.
Fair Oaks, California, United States
Neuro-Pain Medical Center
Fresno, California, United States
Pacific Coast Pain Management Center
Laguna Hills, California, United States
Long Beach Center for Clinical Research - previous addresse
Long Beach, California, United States
...and 42 more locations
Time frame: Weeks 11 and 12
Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Weekly Average eDiary NRS-Pain Scores From Screening to Final 2 Weeks of the Double-Blind Treatment Period (Average of Weeks 11 and 12) by Cumulative Percent Reduction ≥30%
Weekly average Diary NRS-pain scores are derived from the daily pain NRS and calculated as the mean of the last 7 days. Scores range from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 11 and 12
Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Weekly Average eDiary NRS-Pain Scores From Screening to Final 2 Weeks of the Double-Blind Treatment Period (Average of Weeks 11 and 12) by Cumulative Percent Reduction ≥40%
Weekly average Diary NRS-pain scores are derived from the daily pain NRS and calculated as the mean of the last 7 days. Scores range from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 11 and 12
Percentage of Participants With Improvement in Weekly Average eDiary NRS-Pain Scores From Screening to Final 2 Weeks of the Double-Blind Treatment Period (Average of Weeks 11 and 12) by Cumulative Percent Reduction ≥50%
Weekly average Diary NRS-pain scores are derived from the daily pain NRS and calculated as the mean of the last 7 days. Scores range from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 11 and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Open-Label Treatment in Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-sf): Worst Pain, Least Pain, Average Pain, Pain Right Now, Pain Severity Index, Pain Interference Index
BPI-sf is an 11-item self-report questionnaire that is designed to assess the severity and impact of pain on daily functions. BPI-sf includes 4 questions that assess pain intensity (worst, least, average, right now) and 7 questions that assess impact of pain on daily functions (general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relations with other people, sleep, enjoyment of life). BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain. Pain Severity Index is the mean of the 4 pain scores (worst, least, average, and right now) on the BPI-sf; range is 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; A higher score indicates greater pain severity. Pain Interference Index is the mean of the scores for the 7 items of the BPI-sf; range is 0=Does not interfere to 10=Completely interferes.
Time frame: Screening, Week 4, 5, or 6
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in BPI-sf: Worst Pain, Least Pain, Average Pain, Pain Right Now, Pain Severity Index, Pain Interference Index
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain. Pain Severity Index is the mean of the 4 pain scores (worst, least, average, and right now) on the BPI-sf; range is 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; A higher score indicates greater pain severity. Pain Interference Index is the mean of the scores for the 7 items of the BPI-sf; range is 0=Does not interfere to 10=Completely interferes.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Worst Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Least Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Average Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Right Now
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Severity Index
Pain Severity Index is the mean of the 4 pain scores (worst, least, average, and right now) on the BPI-sf; range is 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; a higher score indicates greater pain severity.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Interference Index
Pain Interference Index is the mean of the scores for the 7 items of the BPI-sf; range is 0=Does not interfere to 10=Completely interferes.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Worst Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Least Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Average Pain
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Right Now
BPI-sf scores range from 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Severity Index
Pain Severity Index is the mean of the 4 pain scores (worst, least, average, and right now) on the BPI-sf; range is 0=No pain to 10=Pain as bad as you can imagine; a higher score indicates greater pain severity.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in BPI-sf Scores of Pain Interference Index
Pain Interference Index is the mean of the scores for the 7 items of the BPI-sf; range is 0=Does not interfere to 10=Completely interferes.
Time frame: Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of eDiary NRS-Pain Scores From Randomization Baseline to Final 2 Weeks of the Double-Blind Treatment Period (Weeks 11 and 12)
NRS-Pain scores based on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). AUC was calculated using daily change from Baseline scores from Baseline until the last dose date in the Double-Blind Treatment Period. AUC was calculated for each participant using the linear trapezoidal method. Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 11 and 12
Average Daily Use of Rescue Acetaminophen (Milligrams Per Day [mg/Day]) During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
The amount of acetaminophen administered for each treatment during the Double-Blind Treatment Period. Average daily use calculated as: total dose of rescue medication during Double-Blind Period divided by the number of days in Double-Blind Period.
Time frame: Daily from Day 1 of the Double-Blind Period through Week 12
Percentage of Participants With a 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Analgesic Response From Screening Period to End of Open-Label Treatment
The percentage of analgesic response is defined as: (rolling 7-day mean pain score during Titration Period - Screening Period pain intensity score) divided by Screening Period pain intensity score times100.
Time frame: Screening, Week 4, 5 or 6
Median Time to 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Analgesic Response From Screening Period to End of Open-Label Treatment
The percentage of analgesic response is defined as: (rolling 7-day mean pain score during Titration Period minus (-) Screening Period pain intensity score) divided by Screening Period pain intensity score times 100. An event was defined as a participant with 20, 30, 40, or 50% analgesic response from Screening. If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 42 of the Titration Period or before Day 42 of the Titration Period at the time of the last diary pain score. The survival duration begins on the date of first dose of study drug in the Titration Period and is calculated as the \[date of event or last diary pain score - date of first dose in Titration Period +1\].
Time frame: Screening, Week 4, 5, or 6
Percentage of Participants With a 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Analgesic Response From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline
The percentage of analgesic response is defined as: (rolling 7-day mean pain score during Titration Period - Screening Period pain intensity score) divided by Screening Period pain intensity score times 100.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline (up to 6 weeks)
Median Time to 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Analgesic Response From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline
The percentage of analgesic response is defined as: (rolling 7-day mean pain score during Titration Period - Screening Period pain intensity score) divided by Screening Period pain intensity score times 100. If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 42 of the Titration Period or before Day 42 of the Titration Period at the time of the last diary pain score. The survival duration begins on the date of first dose of study drug in the Titration Period and is calculated as the \[date of event or last diary pain score - date of first dose in Titration Period +1\].
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline (up to 6 weeks)
Percentage of Participants With a 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Loss of Analgesic Response From Randomization Baseline During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
The percentage of lost analgesic response is defined as: (rolling 7-day mean pain score during Double-Blind Period - Randomization Baseline pain intensity score) divided by Randomization Baseline pain intensity score times 100. If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 84 or before Day 84 at the time of the last diary pain score. The survival duration began on the date of first dose of study drug in the Double-Blind Period and was calculated as the \[date of event or last diary pain score - date of first dose in Double-Blind Treatment +1\].
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, up to Week 12
Median Time to 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% Loss of Analgesic Response From Baseline During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
The percentage of lost analgesic response was defined as: (rolling seven day mean pain score during Double-Blind Period - Randomization Baseline pain intensity score) divided by Randomization Baseline pain intensity score times 100. If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 84 or before Day 84 at the time of the last diary pain score. The survival duration began on the date of first dose of study drug in the Double-Blind Period and was calculated as the \[date of event or last diary pain score - date of first dose in Double-Blind Treatment +1\].
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, up to Week 12
Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Treatment for Investigator-Reported Lack of Efficacy
If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 84 or before Day 84 at time of treatment discontinuation for another reason.
Time frame: Week 1 up to Week 12
Median Time to Treatment Discontinuation for Investigator-Reported Lack of Efficacy During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
If there was no event for a participant, time to the event was considered censored at Day 84 or before Day 84 at time of treatment discontinuation for another reason. The survival duration begins on the date of first dose in the Double-Blind period and is calculated as the \[date of event or discontinuation - date of first dose in Double-Blind Period +1\].
Time frame: Week 1 up to Week 12
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) Total Score During the Open-Label Titration Period
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
COWS Total Score During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12
COWS Total Score During the Post-Treatment Period
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal.
Time frame: Follow-Up (FU) Weeks 1 and 2
Percentage of Participants With Opiate Withdrawal During the Open-Label Titration Period by COWS Category
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal. The scores are assessed as follows: 5-12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (or Early Termination)
Percentage of Participants With Opiate Withdrawal During the Double-Blind Treatment Period by COWS Category
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal. The scores are assessed as follows: 5-12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 (or Early Termination)
Percentage of Participants With Opiate Withdrawal During Post-Treatment by COWS Category
The COWS contains 11 common opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms rated by the investigator or designee who, for each item, checked the number that best described the participant's signs or symptoms. The minimum total COWS score is 0, the maximum is 48. The summed score of the 11 items was used to assess a participant's level of opiate withdrawal. The scores are assessed as follows: 5-12 = mild; 13-24 = moderate; 25-36 = moderately severe; more than 36 = severe withdrawal.
Time frame: Follow-Up Weeks 1 and 2
Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) During the Open-Label Titration Period
The SOWS was completed daily by the participant during any of the 2-week tapers from study drug, as well as at each study visit, using an eDiary device, and contains 16 symptoms of opiate withdrawal rated by the participant (Scale of 0 to 4: 0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2= moderately, 3= quite a bit, 4 = extremely). The sum of the scores on each item was the total SOWS score; the minimum possible SOWS score was 0, the maximum 64. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
SOWS Total Score During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
The SOWS was completed daily by the participant during any of the 2-week tapers from study drug, as well as at each study visit, using an eDiary device, and contains 16 symptoms of opiate withdrawal rated by the participant (Scale of 0 to 4: 0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2= moderately, 3= quite a bit, 4 = extremely). The sum of the scores on each item was the total SOWS score; the minimum possible SOWS score was 0, the maximum 64. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12
SOWS Total Score During the Post-Treatment Period
The SOWS was completed daily by the participant during any of the 2-week tapers from study drug, as well as at each study visit, using an eDiary device, and contains 16 symptoms of opiate withdrawal rated by the participant (Scale of 0 to 4: 0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2= moderately, 3= quite a bit, 4 = extremely). The sum of the scores on each item was the total SOWS score; the minimum possible SOWS score was 0, the maximum 64. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Time frame: Follow-Up Weeks 1 and 2
Change From Screening Period to End of Open-Label Titration Period in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) Total Score for All Participants
RMDQ is a 24-item questionnaire designed to measure self-rated disability due to back pain the same day the questionnaire is completed. An individual participant's score could have ranged from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severe disability), with a lower score indicating better function; higher scores indicating greater disability.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in RMDQ Total Score
RMDQ is a 24-item questionnaire designed to measure self-rated disability due to back pain the same day the questionnaire is completed. An individual participant's score could have ranged from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severe disability), with a lower score indicating better function.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in RMDQ Total Score
RMDQ is a 24-item questionnaire designed to measure self-rated disability due to back pain the same day the questionnaire is completed. An individual participant's score could have ranged from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severe disability), with a lower score indicating better function.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to the End of Double-Blind Weeks 2, 4, and 8 in RMDQ Total Score
RMDQ is a 24-item questionnaire designed to measure self-rated disability due to back pain the same day the questionnaire is completed. An individual participant's score could have ranged from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severe disability), with a lower score indicating better function.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, and 8
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Screening to Randomization Baseline in PGA of Low Back Pain by Category in Participants With Screening PGA Score of Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor, Very Poor
Represents the score at Screening / score at Randomization Baseline in PGA of low back pain, a global evaluation that utilizes a 5-point Likert scale with a score of: 1 = very good, asymptomatic and no limitation of normal activities; 2 = good, mild symptoms, and no limitation of normal activities; 3 = fair, moderate symptoms and limitation to some normal activities; 4 = poor, severe symptoms and inability to carry out most normal activities; and a score of 5 = very poor; very severe symptoms, which were intolerable and inability to carry out all normal activities.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Screening to the End of the Open-Label Titration Period in PGA of Low Back Pain by Category in Participants With Screening PGA Score of Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor, Very Poor
Represents the score at Screening / score at to end of the titration period in PGA of low back pain, a global evaluation that utilizes a 5-point Likert scale with a score of: 1 = very good, asymptomatic and no limitation of normal activities; 2 = good, mild symptoms, and no limitation of normal activities; 3 = fair, moderate symptoms and limitation to some normal activities; 4 = poor, severe symptoms and inability to carry out most normal activities; and a score of 5 = very poor; very severe symptoms, which were intolerable and inability to carry out all normal activities.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline, or Early Termination
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Week 4 in PGA of Low Back Pain by Category in Participants With Randomization Baseline PGA Score of Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor, Very Poor
Represents the score at Randomization Baseline / score at Week 4 in PGA of low back pain, a global evaluation that utilizes a 5-point Likert scale with a score of: 1 = very good, asymptomatic and no limitation of normal activities; 2 = good, mild symptoms, and no limitation of normal activities; 3 = fair, moderate symptoms and limitation to some normal activities; 4 = poor, severe symptoms and inability to carry out most normal activities; and a score of 5 = very poor; very severe symptoms, which were intolerable and inability to carry out all normal activities.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 4
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Week 8 in PGA of Low Back Pain by Category in Participants With Randomization Baseline PGA Score of Very Good , Good, Fair, Poor, Very Poor
Represents the score at Randomization Baseline / score at Week 8 in PGA of low back pain, a global evaluation that utilizes a 5-point Likert scale with a score of: 1 = very good, asymptomatic and no limitation of normal activities; 2 = good, mild symptoms, and no limitation of normal activities; 3 = fair, moderate symptoms and limitation to some normal activities; 4 = poor, severe symptoms and inability to carry out most normal activities; and a score of 5 = very poor; very severe symptoms, which were intolerable and inability to carry out all normal activities.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 8
Satisfaction With Treatment at the End of Open-Label Titration Period for All Participants
Satisfaction with treatment is a single-item self-rated instrument that measures the participant's overall satisfaction with the study drug during study participation on a 5-point likert scale ranging from 1 = Very dissatisfied to 5 = Very satisfied.
Time frame: End of Open-Label Titration Period (Week 4, 5, or 6 or Early Termination)
Satisfaction With Treatment at Randomization Baseline
Satisfaction with treatment is a single-item self-rated instrument that measures the participant's overall satisfaction with the study drug during study participation on a 5-point likert scale ranging from 1 = Very dissatisfied to 5 = Very satisfied.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline
Percentage of Participants Who Reported Being Satisfied/Very Satisfied With Treatment on the Satisfaction With Treatment Questionnaire During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Participants used an electronic tablet at the center to rate their overall treatment satisfaction with study drug during study participation using a 5-point categorical scale (1 = very dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4 = satisfied, 5 = very satisfied).
Time frame: Week 12 or Early Termination
Change From Screening Period to the End of Open-Label Titration Period in Short Form-36v2 (SF-36v2) Health Survey Score
SF-36v2 Health Survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 36 questions, measuring 8 health aspects; physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perception. These domains also combine to form two component summary scores evaluating mental health and physical health. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 100. A higher scores indicates a better health state.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in SF-36v2 Health Survey Score
SF-36v2 Health Survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 36 questions, measuring 8 health aspects; physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perception. These domains also combine to form two component summary scores evaluating mental health and physical health. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 100. A higher score indicate a better health state.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Randomization Baseline to the End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in SF-36v2 Health Survey
SF-36v2 Health Survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 36 questions, measuring 8 health aspects; physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perception. These domains also combine to form two component summary scores evaluating mental health and physical health. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 100. A higher score indicate a better health state.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in SF-36v2 Health Survey
SF-36v2 Health Survey is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 36 questions, measuring 8 health aspects; physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, bodily pain, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, vitality, and general health perception. These domains also combine to form two component summary scores evaluating mental health and physical health. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 100. A higher score indicate a better health state.
Time frame: Screening, Week 12
Change From Screening Period to the End of Open-Label Titration Period in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using the EuroQol 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) Summary Index
The EQ 5D Health Questionnaire is a self completion standardized instrument for use as a measure of health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score that consisted of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each of which was rated on a 3-point response scale (no problems/some or moderate problems/extreme problems), and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening Period to the End of Open-Label Titration Period in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using the EQ-5D VAS
The EQ-5D consists of a standard vertical 20cm visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), for recording a participant's rating for their current health related quality of life state; the scale went from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants were asked to draw a line on the scale to indicate how good or bad your own health is today, in your opinion.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using the EQ-5D Summary Index
Self-completion standardized instrument for use as a measure of health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score that consisted of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each of which was rated on a 3-point response scale (no problems/some or moderate problems/extreme problems), and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using the EQ-5D VAS
The EQ-5D consists of a standard vertical 20cm visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), for recording a participant's rating for their current health related quality of life state; the scale went from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants were asked to draw a line on the scale to indicate how good or bad your own health is today, in your opinion.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using EQ-5D Summary Index
Self-completion standardized instrument for use as a measure of health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score that consisted of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each of which was rated on a 3-point response scale (no problems/some or moderate problems/extreme problems), and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using the EQ-5D VAS
The EQ-5D consists of a standard vertical 20cm visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), for recording a participant's rating for their current health related quality of life state; the scale went from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants were asked to draw a line on the scale to indicate how good or bad your own health is today, in your opinion.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using EQ-5D Summary Index
Self-completion standardized instrument for use as a measure of health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score that consisted of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each of which was rated on a 3-point response scale (no problems/some or moderate problems/extreme problems), and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
Time frame: Screening, Week 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Week 12 (or Final Visit) in Participant Assessment of Overall Health State Using EQ-5D VAS
The EQ-5D consists of a standard vertical 20cm visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), for recording a participant's rating for their current health related quality of life state; the scale went from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). Participants were asked to draw a line on the scale to indicate how good or bad your own health is today, in your opinion.
Time frame: Screening, Week 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Open-Label in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem (WPAI:SHP): % Work Time Missed, % Impairment, % Overall Work Impairment, % Activity Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment /absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. * work time missed - a measure of absenteeism, calculated as work time missed due to health problem (question 2) as a proportion of hours actually worked (question 4). * impairment while working - a measure of presenteeism, the degree to which health problem impacted work (question 5). * overall work impairment - a measure of overall work productivity loss due to health problem (absenteeism+presenteeism). * activity impairment - a measure of the degree to which health problem has affected ability to do regular activities other than work at a job (question 6). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in WPAI:SHP: Percent Work Time Missed, Percent Impairment, Percent Overall Work Impairment, Percent Activity Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. * work time missed - a measure of absenteeism, calculated as work time missed due to health problem (question 2) as a proportion of hours actually worked (question 4). * impairment while working - a measure of presenteeism, the degree to which health problem impacted work (question 5). * overall work impairment - a measure of overall work productivity loss due to health problem (absenteeism+presenteeism). * activity impairment - a measure of the degree to which health problem has affected ability to do regular activities other than work at a job (question 6). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Work Time Missed Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % work time missed - a measure of absenteeism, calculated as work time missed due to health problem (question 2) as a proportion of hours actually worked (question 4). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % impairment while working - a measure of presenteeism, the degree to which health problem impacted work (question 5). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Overall Work Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % overall work impairment - a measure of overall work productivity loss due to health problem (absenteeism+presenteeism). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Activity Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % activity impairment - a measure of the degree to which health problem has affected ability to do regular activities other than work at a job (question 6). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Work Time Missed Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % work time missed - a measure of absenteeism, calculated as work time missed due to health problem (question 2) as a proportion of hours actually worked (question 4). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % impairment while working - a measure of presenteeism, the degree to which health problem impacted work (question 5). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Overall Work Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % overall work impairment - a measure of overall work productivity loss due to health problem (absenteeism+presenteeism). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in WPAI:SHP Percent Activity Impairment Due to Low Back Pain
A self-reported measure of work productivity and impairment that yields 4 scores: Absenteeism (work time missed); Presenteeism (impairment at work/reduced on the job effectiveness); work productivity loss (overall work impairment/absenteeism+presenteeism); and activity impairment. % activity impairment - a measure of the degree to which health problem has affected ability to do regular activities other than work at a job (question 6). Each score is expressed as a percentage (0-100%) with higher numbers indicating greater impairment and less productivity.
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Screening Period to End of Open-Label Titration Period in Hospitalization Because of Low Back Pain as Assessed Using the Healthcare Resource Use (HRU) Questionnaire
Question 3a = In the past 4 weeks, have you been hospitalized due to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain?
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Screening Period to Randomization Baseline in Hospitalization Because of Low Back Pain as Assessed Using the HRU Questionnaire
Question 3a = In the past 4 weeks, have you been hospitalized due to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain?
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening to Randomization Baseline in HRU Questionnaire: Number of Office Visits Directly Related or Any Medication Used for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 1: number of office visits directly related to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening to Randomization Baseline in HRU Questionnaire: Money Spent on Physical Treatments in Past 4 Weeks
Question 2: Money (dollars) spent out-of-pocket on physical treatments in the past 4 weeks to manage chronic low back pain
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening to Randomization Baseline in HRU Questionnaire: Nights Stayed in Hospital
Question 3b: nights stayed in the hospital, if answer to Q3a was yes.
Time frame: Screening, Randomization Baseline
Change From Screening to End of Open-Label Titration Period in HRU Questionnaire: Number of Office Visits Directly Related or Any Medication Used for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 1: number of office visits directly related to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening to End of Open-Label Titration Period in HRU Questionnaire: Money Spent on Physical Treatments in Past 4 Weeks
Question 2: Money (dollars) spent out-of-pocket on physical treatments in the past 4 weeks to manage chronic low back pain
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Change From Screening to End of Open-Label Titration Period in HRU Questionnaire: Nights Stayed in Hospital
Question 3b: nights stayed in the hospital, if answer to Q3a was yes.
Time frame: Screening, Week 6 (or Early Termination)
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Final Visit) in Hospitalization Because of Low Back Pain as Assessed Using the HRU Questionnaire
Question 3a = In the past 4 weeks, have you been hospitalized due to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain?
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Early Termination)
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Number of Office Visits Related to or Medications Used for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 1: number of office visits directly related to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Money Spent on Treatments
Question 2: money (dollars) spent out-of-pocket on physical treatments in the past 4 weeks to manage chronic low back pain.
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Randomization Baseline to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Nights Spent in Hospital
Question 3b: nights stayed in the hospital
Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Percentage of Participants With Shift From Screening Period to the End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in Hospitalization Because of Low Back Pain as Assessed Using the HRU Questionnaire
Question 3a = In the past 4 weeks, have you been hospitalized due to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain?
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Number of Office Visits Related or Medication Used for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 1: number of office visits directly related to chronic low back pain or any medication used for chronic low back pain
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Money Spent on Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 2: money (dollars) spent out-of-pocket on physical treatments in the past 4 weeks to manage chronic low back pain
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Change From Screening Period to End of Double-Blind Weeks 4, 8 and 12 (or Final Visit) in HRU Questionnaire: Nights in Hospital for Chronic Low Back Pain
Question 3b: nights stayed in the hospital
Time frame: Screening, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Mean Oxycodone Average Daily Dose During the Open-Label Titration Period
Time frame: Open-Label Period
Mean Oxycodone Duration of Titration During the Open-Label Titration Period
Time frame: Open-Label Period
Median Oxycodone Average Daily Dose During the Open-Label Titration Period
Time frame: Open-Label Period
Median Oxycodone Duration of Titration During the Open-Label Titration Period
Time frame: Open-Label Period
Mean Oxycodone Average Daily Dose During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Time frame: Double-Blind Period
Mean Oxycodone Duration of Treatment During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Time frame: Double-Blind Period
Median Oxycodone Average Daily Dose During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Time frame: Double-Blind Period
Median Oxycodone Duration of Treatment During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Time frame: Double-Blind Period
Oxycodone and Noroxycodone Observed Steady-State Plasma Concentration During the Titration Period
Observed steady-state plasma concentration (Cobs) of oxycodone and noroxycodone.
Time frame: Blood samples were taken within +/-4 hours of the morning dose of ALO-02 at Week 6/Early Termination, Randomization Baseline
Naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol Observed Steady-State Plasma Concentration During the Titration Period
Cobs of naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol
Time frame: Blood samples were taken within +/-4 hours of the morning dose of ALO-02 at Week 6/Early Termination, Randomization Baseline
Oxycodone and Noroxycodone Observed Steady-State Plasma Concentration During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
Observed steady-state plasma concentration (Cobs) of oxycodone and noroxycodone
Time frame: Blood samples were taken within +/-4 hours of the morning dose of study drug at Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12
Naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol Observed Steady-State Plasma Concentration During the Double Blind Treatment Period
Observed steady-state plasma concentration (Cobs) of naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol
Time frame: Blood samples were taken within +/-4 hours of the morning dose of study drug at Randomization Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12