This postmarketing study will examine the use of etoricoxib (Arcoxia®) in routine clinical practice in France as well as the use of celecoxib (Celebrex®).
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
547
Administered as 30 mg or 60 mg oral film-coated tablets
Administered as 100 mg or 200 mg oral hard capsules
Number of Participants Demonstrating Proper Use of Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Proper use of study medication is defined as administration of medication in terms of indication and dosage according to Market Authorization (MA). Proper use of Arcoxia® is defined as administration of a starting dose of 30 mg daily, not to exceed 60 mg daily during follow-up, for the treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis. Proper use of Celebrex® is defined as administration of a starting dose of 200 mg daily, not to exceed 400 mg daily during follow-up, for easing symptoms in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Data to assess proper use were collected through use of a medical questionnaire and patient form. Data pertaining to indication was collected by open-field to allow physicians to precisely indicate the reason for prescription. Recorded indications were then analyzed by two medical experts (an independent expert and a member of the Scientific Community) to assess proper use or misuse.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Reasons for Misuse of Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Proper use of study medication is defined as administration of medication in terms of indication and dosage according to MA. Proper use of Arcoxia® is defined as administration of a starting dose of 30 mg daily, not to exceed 60 mg daily during follow-up, for the treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis. Proper use of Celebrex® is defined as administration of a starting dose of 200 mg daily, not to exceed 400 mg daily during follow-up, for easing symptoms in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Data to assess proper use were collected through use of a medical questionnaire and patient form. Data pertaining to indication was collected by open-field to allow physicians to precisely indicate the reason for prescription. Recorded indications were then analyzed by two medical experts (an independent expert and a member of the Scientific Community) to assess proper use or misuse.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Indications for Which Arcoxia® and Celebrex® Were Prescribed
The reasons (indications) for prescribing of Arcoxia® or Celebrex® were collected in open-field forms by the Investigator; category assignment (i.e, re-codification) of verbatim entries was conducted by a group of medical experts under the guidance approved by the MA. This endpoint gives the number of participants treated per indication.
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Time frame: At study entry
Dosage of Arcoxia® and Celebrex® at Initiation
Dosage at initiation of treatment with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® was identified. MA compliant dosage at initiation corresponds to a (starting) dose of 30 mg daily for Arcoxia® or a (starting) dose of 200 mg daily for Celebrex®. The dose for initiation was calculated by multiplying the number of doses per day with the dose level (total daily dose) as noted in the prescription record.
Time frame: At study entry
Mean Dosage of Arcoxia® and Celebrex® During Treatment
The mean dosage of Arcoxia® and Celebrex® during treatment was determined. For participants who stopped treatment after their initial study visit, the maximum dose recorded at their final study visit was considered when calculating their mean dosage during treatment.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Number of Participants Requiring Dose Modification of Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Participants requiring modifications to their Arcoxia® or Celebrex® dose regimens during their on study treatment course were identified. Dose modifications were defined as an increase, decrease followed by increase, decrease, or increase followed by decrease in the participant's daily dose; all categorizations were exclusive. If the maximum dose at discontinuation of treatment was greater than that at initiation, the participant was considered as having had an increase in dose during treatment. Alternatively, if data obtained from a participant's prescription records showed a successive lowering of dosage, the participant was considered as having had a decrease in dose during treatment. Dosages at baseline were included in the dose modification determination for treatment renewal participants.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Duration of Prescription for Arcoxia® and Celebrex® at Enrollment
The mean duration of prescription at enrollment for participants treated with Arcoxia® and Celebrex® was determined using the participant's record.
Time frame: Up to 3 months prior to study entry
Total Duration of Treatment With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
The total duration of treatment (DoT) with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® was determined for populations that achieved end-of study and end-of-protocol or that were categorized as lost to follow-up. Participants enumerated as end-of-study had their treatment discontinued during the protocol-specified one year of follow-up. Participants enumerated as end-of-protocol were ongoing treatment at end of the protocol-specified one year of follow-up. Participants categorized as lost to follow-up had no follow-up visit where a determination of discontinuation from treatment could be made.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Maximum Dosage Prescribed During Treatment With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Mean maximum dosage prescribed during follow-up in participants treated with Arcoxia® or Celebrex®. Dosage is expressed as total daily dose.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Reasons for Discontinuation of Treatment With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
The individual reasons for discontinuation of treatment with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® were identified over the course of study through either physician selection from a pre-determined list or verbatim entry by the physician with subsequent re-codification by Sponsor.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Type of Arcoxia® and Celebrex® Use
The type of Arcoxia® or Celebrex® use during the study was classified as continuous (without interruption \>7 days) or intermittent (with interruption \>7 days) by the Investigating Physician at time of treatment discontinuation.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Type of Arcoxia® and Celebrex® Use According to Duration of Treatment
Use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (Arcoxia® and Celebrex®) as assessed by the Investigating Physician at time of treatment discontinuation was correlated to the overall duration of treatment experienced by the participant (i.e., intermittent or continuous selective COX-2 inhibitor use vs. total participant time on treatment). Type of use was classified as continuous (without interruption \>7 days) or intermittent (with interruption \>7 days). Four successive treatment intervals were assessed in this endpoint: 1) Up to thirty days of treatment 2) From one to three months of treatment 3) From three months to one year of treatment and 4) More than one year of treatment.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) at Study Entry in Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Participants' BMI was assessed at study entry by the Investigating Physician. BMI is calculated as the participant's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in meters squared. BMI under 18.5 is commonly considered underweight; within the range (18.5 to 25) as normal weight; within the range (25 to 30) as overweight; and over 30 as obese.
Time frame: At study entry (baseline)
Mean Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (BP) at Study Entry in Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed at study entry by the Investigating Physician. Definition of controlled BP: SBP \<140 mmHg and DBP \<90 mmHg. Definition of uncontrolled BP: SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg.
Time frame: At study entry (baseline)
Blood Pressure at Study Entry in Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Participants' BP (SBP/DBP) was assessed at study entry by the Investigating Physician. Definition of controlled BP: SBP \<140 mmHg and DBP \<90 mmHg. Definition of uncontrolled BP: SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg.
Time frame: At study entry (baseline)
Medical History of Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Relevant medical history of participants treated with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® was recorded by the Investigating Physician.
Time frame: At study entry
Co-morbidities in Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Associated co-morbidities at study entry (baseline) in participants treated with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® were recorded by the Investigating Physician. CHF/IHD/PAD = Congestive heart failure/Ischemic heart disease/Peripheral artery disease
Time frame: At study entry
Significant Past Treatments Prior to Initiating Treatment With Arcoxia® or Celebrex®
'Significant' treatments that preceded the use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (Arcoxia® or Celebrex®) were identified using a closed-ended (yes/ no/ do not know) questionnaire. Significant is defined as associated with a chronic disease or having a potential link with participant's current use of a selective COX-2 inhibitors (Arcoxia® or Celebrex®). ARBs = Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers. ACEIs = Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. SSRIs = Selective serotonin reuptake Inhibitors. PAIs = Platelet aggregation inhibitors.
Time frame: At study entry
Medications Co-Prescribed at Study Entry in Participants Treated With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Concomitant medications prescribed to participants treated with Arcoxia® and Celebrex® were collected via the physician prescription note at time of participant's study entry. NSAIDS = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Time frame: At study entry
Medications Co-Prescribed Over the Course of Follow-up With Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Concomitant medications prescribed during the course of follow-up to participants treated with Arcoxia® and Celebrex® were extracted from participants' medical records. NSAIDS = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Number of Participants Treated With Other Agents Prior to Initiation of Arcoxia® and Celebrex®
Other prescribed agents for the same study indication within 3 months preceding the decision to initiate treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors (Arcoxia® or Celebrex®) were determined using the participant's medical record. NSAIDS = Non-steroidal inflammatory agents.
Time frame: Up to 3 months prior to study entry
Number of Participants Switching to Another Treatment With the Same Reason for Prescription
Participants who switched to another NSAID or other therapy for the same reason for prescription upon discontinuation of treatment with Arcoxia® or Celebrex® were determined.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Number of Participants With Contraindications for Use of Arcoxia®
Participants noted with contraindications for use of Arcoxia® according to the MA during initiation of treatment are described. CHF = congestive heart failure. HA = hepatic impairment. IBD = inflammatory bowel disease. IHD = ischemic heart disease. PAD = peripheral artery disease.
Time frame: At study entry
Number of Participants Who Experienced at Least One Adverse Event
An adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event
Discontinuation/withdrawal of study treatment due to an adverse event was performed at the discretion of the investigator or the Sponsor for safety concerns. An adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure.
Time frame: Up to 12 months