Outcome Study of Lanthanum Carbonate Compared With Calcium Carbonate in Hemodialysis Patients : Landmark Study

Inclusion Criteria: * hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia who require phosphate binders * hemodialysis for more than 3 months * patients who have at least one calcification risk factor (elderly \> 65 years, postmenopausal woman, type 2 diabetes mellitus) * intact-PTH \< or = 240pg/mL * life expectancy \> 1 year * with written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * contraindications to lanthanum carbonate and calcium carbonate * swallowing disorders * severe GI disorders * history of obstructed bowels * history of IHD/stroke within 6 months before randomization * NYHA classification Ⅲ-Ⅳ * severe liver dysfunction (AST or ALT greater than 3 times the upper limit of institution * require treatment of arrhythmia * severe malnutrition * malignancy of any type within the last five years * peritoneal dialysis patients * pregnant or possibly pregnant women or women on lactation and planned to get pregnant within study term * ineligible patients according to the investigator's judgment