Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With a Calcineurin Inhibitor (CNI)Versus a CNI-free Treatment in Renal Transplantation (CIME)

Inclusion Criteria: * Males and Females aged between 18 and 70. * Patient receiving a first or second kidney transplant from a deceased donor, living related or unrelated. * Patient with a maximum PRA \<20%. * Patient wishing and being able to participate fully to the study, and having given a written consent. * Patient covered by a social insurance or beneficiary of such a regime. * Women of childbearing age must use a recognized method of contraception throughout the study period and continue for 8 weeks after discontinuation of study treatment. Exclusion Criteria: * Patient receiving a kidney from a heart attack donor , or an ABO incompatible donor or a donor with a positive T-cross match. * Patient with a maximum PRA\> 20% twice. * Cold ischemic time \> 36 hours. * Patients with thrombocytopenia (\<75000/mm3), neutropenia (\<1 500 / mm3), leukopenia (\<2 500 / mm3) or a hemoglobin concentration \<8 g / dl, at inclusion visit. * Patient with severe hyperlipidemia: total cholesterol ≥ 9 mmol / l (≥ 3.50 g / l) and / or triglycerides ≥ 8.5 mmol/l (≥ 7.5 g / l) despite appropriate lipid-lowering therapy. * Patient with known HIV positive status, know active hepatitis B or C. Recipients of an organ from a donor with positive HIV status, hepatitis B or hepatitis C are excluded. * Patient with severe systemic infections requiring continued therapy. * Treatment with an experimental drug within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. * Patient for whom the initial disease or other pathology requires a long-term corticosteroid treatment. * Patient with a history of hypersensitivity or known contra-indications for macrolide or inhibitors of mTORs drugs; drugs similar to Myfortic ® (ERL080) or other components of the formulation such as lactose, or cyclosporine, or prednisone (Cortancyl ®), or Thymoglobuline ® or Iohexol. * Patient with a malignant disease or a history of malignancy over the past 5 years except squamous-cell or basal cell carcinoma wich was excised. * Medical condition or surgical procedure, except transplantation, which could exclude the patient in the opinion of the investigator. * Patient with symptoms of mental or significant somatic illness. Disability to cooperate or communicate with the investigator. * Pregnant, sucking or of childbearing age and refusing or being unable to use a recognized contraceptive method. * Patient under guardianship, or any patient protected by law.