A Study of CB-183,315 in Participants With Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (MK-4261-006)

Inclusion Criteria: * Is able to read and sign a consent form; * Is from ≥18 to \<90 years of age; * Has diarrhea, at least 3 times during one day, or 200 mL or liquid stool if using a rectal device; * Tests positive for Clostridium difficile; * If female, must not be pregnant or nursing and take appropriate measures to not get pregnant during the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Has toxic megacolon and/or known small bowel ileus; * Has received treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) within the past 30 days; * Has received treatment with a fecal transplant within 7 days, and/or if the doctor anticipates to give the participant a fecal transplant during the study; * Has received a certain amount of antibacterial therapy specific for current CDAD, unless it is not working; * Has received an investigational vaccine against Clostridium difficile; * Has received an investigational product containing monoclonal antibodies against toxin A or B within 180 days; * Has more than 2 episodes of CDAD within 90 days; * Has had major gastrointestinal (GI) surgery (i.e. significant bowel resection) within 3 months (this does not include appendectomy or cholecystectomy); * Has a history of prior inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or microscopic colitis; * Is unable to discontinue loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine, or cholestyramine during the duration of the study; * Is unable to discontinue opiate treatment unless on a stable dose; * Has known positive stool cultures for other enteropathogens including but not limited to Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter; * Has had stool studies positive for pathogenic ova and/or parasites; * Has an intolerance or hypersensitivity to daptomycin and/or vancomycin; * Has a life-threatening illness at the time of enrollment; * Has poor concurrent medical risks that in the opinion of the Investigator the participant should not enroll; * Has received an investigational drug or participated in any experimental procedure within 1 month; * Has human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 count \<200 cells/mm\^3 within 6 months of start of study therapy; * Anticipates that certain antibacterial therapy for a non-CDAD infection will be required for \>7 days; * Is unable to discontinue Saccharomyces or similar probiotic; * Is on a concurrent intensive induction chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or biologic treatment for active malignancy; * Is unable to comply with the protocol requirements; * Has any condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, might interfere; * Is not expected to live for less than 8 weeks.