The primary aim of this study is to compare, in a group of at-risk individuals, the role of three dietary patterns on indices of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk: a) the recommended Korean pattern; b) the typical American diet, based on national dietary intake surveys; and c) the 2010 DGA diet pattern. A secondary aim will be to assess the effects of each diet on intestinal microbiota and on inflammatory biomarkers.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
29
All meals will be provided during each 4-week intervention period. Participants must consume all foods provided and must not consume any outside foods during each intervention period.
USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
Beltsville, Maryland, United States
Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers
Plasma total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose, and serum triglycerides will be measured.
Time frame: End of each 4-week diet period
Inflammatory Markers
Cytokine production will be analyzed by selecting representative pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (i.e. TNF-a, IL-12, IL-6, IFNg), anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10), and different signaling pathways (i.e. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase, and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-KB).
Time frame: End of each 4-week diet
Markers of appetite and food intake regulation
Plasma adiponectin, ghrelin, PYY and leptin will be measured.
Time frame: End of each 4-week diet
Blood pressure
Time frame: End of each 4-week diet
Urinary sodium excretion, potassium, urea nitrogen, phosphorus, and creatinine
Time frame: End of each 4-week diet
Change in fecal microbiota
Fecal samples will be collected to study changes in bacterial abundance of commensal microorganisms such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., E.coli spp. and Bacteroides fragilis spp.
Time frame: At baseline and after 4-weeks of each diet
Dietary Questionnaires
Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires regarding acceptability, satiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Time frame: At end of each 4-week diet
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