This is a Phase I study of the combination of three drugs: sirolimus, cyclophosphamide, and topotecan. This is the first study to evaluate the safety and clinical activity of the combination of oral sirolimus, oral cyclophosphamide and oral topotecan in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed and refractory solid tumors. In this phase I study, the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus will be administered in combination with oral cyclophosphamide and oral topotecan to children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. The primary aim of this study is to recommend a phase II dose schedule and describe the toxicity of this combination. Myelosuppression will be a targeted toxicity.
The combination of cyclophosphamide and topotecan is well-tolerated and provides an oral therapy option for heavily pre-treated patients. The toxicity profile and activity level suggest that this combination will provide a useful platform onto which novel compounds may be added. Sirolimus has been shown to demonstrate single-agent activity in preclinical models of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Sirolimus has also been shown to have additive effects in pre-clinical models of solid tumors when combined with cyclophosphamide. This trial therefore will evaluate the combination of sirolimus with cyclophosphamide and topotecan. Pharmacokinetic studies of sirolimus as well as pharmacodynamic studies to assess antiangiogensis and inhibition of the mTOR pathway will be done. Patients will be accrued to dose levels in cohorts of 3 using a 3 + 3 design. Patients will initially be enrolled on dose level 1. Patients will receive daily oral sirolimus and cyclophosphamide on days 1 - 21 in a 28 day cycle. This will be combined with oral topotecan given on days 1 - 14. Sirolimus will be dosed based on steady-state plasma trough concentrations with a goal level in dose level 1 of 3-7.9 ng/ML and goal levels in subsequent dose levels of 8-12.0 ng/ML. Dosing of cyclophosphamide and topotecan will be 25 mg/m2/dose and 0.8 mg/ m2 /dose respectively for dose levels 1 and 2. Level 3 dosing will escalate cyclophosphamide to 50 mg/ m2/dose. If level 1 dosing is not tolerated, patients will then be enrolled in a level -1 cohort with cyclophosphamide and sirolimus administered only on days 1 - 14. If level -1 is not tolerated, patients will be enrolled in level -2 with topotecan administration limited to days 1 - 7.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
21
Dosing of cyclophosphamide and topotecan will be 25 mg/m2/dose and 0.8 mg/ m2 /dose respectively for dose levels 1 and 2. Level 3 dosing will escalate cyclophosphamide to 50 mg/ m2/dose. If level 1 dosing not tolerated, patients will be enrolled in level -1 cohort with cyclophosphamide and sirolimus administered only on days 1-14. If level -1 not tolerated, patients will be enrolled in level -2 with topotecan administration limited to days 1-7.
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital
San Francisco, California, United States
Dose Limiting Toxicity
Define the dose limiting toxicities to recommend a Phase 2 trough concentration of sirolimus when administered on a protracted schedule in combination with oral topotecan and oral cyclophosphamide. Evaluations done during first Cycle to assess/define DLT: Physical exams, vitals, blood tests: CBC, CMB, coagulation-PT, LDH, D-dimer, peripheral smear, urine glucose, performance evaluations. All toxicities observed will be summarized in terms of type (organ affected or laboratory determination), severity (by NCI CTCAE v 4.0), and attribution. The MTD is the highest dose level tested at which 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT that is possibly, probably, or definitely related to the study drug(s) with at least 2/3 or 2/6 patients encountering DLT at the next higher dose. If 0/6 or 1/6 patients experience DLT at the highest dose level (dose level 3), then that dose level will be called the MTD.
Time frame: During the first 28-day Cycle
Antitumor Activity
Disease evaluation will take place after completion of the first cycle (CT, MRI, PET and/or MIBG). If the patient has a Partial Response (PR), Complete Response (CR) or Stable Disease (SD) the patient may continue on study.
Time frame: At the end of the first 28-day Cycle
Biologic efects of drug combination
Collect preliminary data on the biologic effects of sirolimus on proteins involved in the mTOR signaling pathway. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies (blood tests) of sirolimus to assess inhibition of the mTOR pathway will be done twice during the first 28-day Cycle.
Time frame: During the first 28-day Cycle
Antiangiogenic properties of drug combination
Collect preliminary data regarding the antiangiogenic properties of the combination of sirolimus, topotecan and cyclophosphamide when administered on this schedule. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies (blood tests) of sirolimus to assess antiangiogensis will be done twice during the first 28-day Cycle.
Time frame: During the first 28-day Cycle
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