This multi-center, observational study will evaluate the treatment patterns in clinical practice, efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response (or were intolerant to) treatment with non-biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or with one biological agent. Data will be collected from each eligible participant initiated on tocilizumab treatment by their treating physician according to approved label for 6 months from start of treatment.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
37
Unnamed facility
Campsie, New South Wales, Australia
Unnamed facility
Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
Unnamed facility
New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
Unnamed facility
Woodville, South Australia, Australia
Percentage of Participants on Tocilizumab Treatment at Month 6 After Treatment Initiation
Percentage of participants on tocilizumab treatment at Month 6 was calculated as: \[(participants on tocilizumab treatment at Month 6) divided by (participants evaluable for primary objective)\] multiplied by 100.
Time frame: Month 6
Patient Assessment of Pain Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Baseline
Participants measured the pain intensity due to RA on a 100 millimeter (mm) VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = no pain to 100 = unbearable pain.
Time frame: Baseline
Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity Using VAS at Baseline
The patient's global assessment of disease activity was measured using a 100 mm VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = managing very well to 100 = managing very poorly.
Time frame: Baseline
Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity Using VAS at Baseline
Physician global assessment of disease activity was assessed on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = no arthritis activity to 100 = extremely active arthritis.
Time frame: Baseline
Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Scores at Baseline
The HAQ-DI is a questionnaire that measures functional status (disability) and health-related quality of life. It measures the participant's ability to perform everyday tasks. The index consists of 20 questions regarding the function of the upper and lower extremities. These questions are summarized in 8 categories: dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and common activities over past week. Each question is evaluated according to the degree of severity on a 4-point scale. Total score for HAQ-DI is the average of all questions and ranges from 0 = without any difficulty to 3 = unable to do.
Time frame: Baseline
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Unnamed facility
Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Unnamed facility
Morwell, Victoria, Australia
Unnamed facility
Shenton Park, Western Australia, Australia
Tender Joint Count (TJC) and Swollen Joint Count (SJC) at Baseline
TJC was determined by examining 28 and 68 joints and identifying the joints that were painful under pressure or to passive motion. Tenderness was recorded on the joint assessment form at baseline, no tenderness = 0, tenderness = 1. SJC was determined by examining 28 and 66 joints and identifying when swelling was present. Swelling was recorded on the joint assessment form at baseline, no swelling = 0, swelling =1.
Time frame: Baseline
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) at Baseline
ESR is a laboratory test that provides a non-specific measure of inflammation. The test assesses the rate at which red blood cells fall in a test tube. Normal range is 0-30 millimeters per hour (mm/hr). A decrease in the level indicates reduction in inflammation and therefore improvement.
Time frame: Baseline
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) at Baseline
The test for CRP is a laboratory measurement for evaluation of an acute phase reactant of inflammation through the use of an ultrasensitive assay. A decrease in the level of CRP indicates reduction in inflammation and therefore improvement.
Time frame: Baseline
Percentage of Participants Starting Tocilizumab After Stopping a Biologic Treatment or After Failing DMARDs
Time frame: Baseline
Median Dose at Month 6
Time frame: Month 6
Percentage of Participants With Tocilizumab Dose Changed According to the Reason for Change
Percentage of participants with increase or decrease in tocilizumab administration according to the reason for dose modification was reported.
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Mean Dosing Interval at Month 6
The time interval between two successive doses in days was reported.
Time frame: Month 6
Percentage of Participants With Reasons Who Discontinued Tocilizumab
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Time to Restoration of Initial Dosing Regimen
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Percentage of Participants by Reason for Choice of Monotherapy at Baseline
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Percentage of Participants on Tocilizumab Monotherapy (8 mg/Kg) at Baseline and at Month 6
Time frame: Baseline, Month 6
Duration of Tocilizumab Treatment
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Percentage of Participants by Duration of Morning Stiffness
Duration of morning stiffness was defined as the time elapsed between the time of usual awakening (even if not in the morning) and the time the participant was able to resume normal activities without stiffness. The participant assessment of morning stiffness was measured using a ruler on a 100 mm VAS by 1 of the six categories: less than (\<) 30 minutes, between 30 and 240 minutes, greater than (\>) 240 minutes and whole day.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Percentage of Participants With and Without Morning Stiffness
Morning stiffness was defined by the time elapsed between the time of usual awakening (even if not in the morning) and the time the participant was able to resume normal activities without stiffness. The participant assessed morning stiffness based on the following criteria: 1. Presence of participant's joints stiff when woke up that day, measured as yes or no 2. Duration of morning stiffness, measured using a ruler on a 100 mm VAS by 1 of the six categories: \< 30 minutes, between 30 and 240 minutes, \> 240 minutes, and the whole day. 3. Severity of morning stiffness measured using a ruler on a 100 mm VAS where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = no stiffness to 100 = maximum stiffness.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Percentage of Participants Adhering to Local Label for Adverse Events
Percentage of participants who adhered to local label/protocol for the management of adverse events is reported.
Time frame: Baseline up to Month 6
Disease Activity Score Based on 28 Joint Count (DAS28) Score by Visit
The DAS28 score is a measurement of RA activity on a 0 to 10 scale, with higher scores representing higher disease activity, and calculated as DAS28 = 0.56 x √TJC28 + 0.28 x √SJC28 + 0.70 x natural logarithm (ln) (CRP + 1) + 0.014 x PGH + 0.96, where TJC28 = tender joint count on 28 units, SJC28 = swollen joint count on 28 units, CRP = serum concentration of c-reactive protein (after converting units to mg/dL), PGH = patient global assessment of disease activity, which was measured on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = managing very well and 100 = managing very poorly. A score of less than 2.6 represents clinical remission, a score of greater than or equal to 2.6 and less than or equal to 3.2 represents low disease activity, a score of greater than 3.2 and less than or equal to 5.1 represents moderate disease activity, and a score of greater than 5.1 represents high (or severe) disease.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Percentage of Participants Achieving Good European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Response at Month 3 and Month 6
Clinical response was assessed according to EULAR criteria that classified the participant according to individual changes in DAS28 score as good, moderate, or no response. The DAS28 score is a measurement of RA activity on a 0 to 10 scale, with higher scores represent higher disease activity, and calculated as DAS28 = 0.56 x √TJC28 + 0.28 x √SJC28 + 0.36 x ln(CRP + 1) + 0.014 x PGH + 0.96, where TJC28 = tender joint count on 28 units, SJC28 = swollen joint count on 28 units, CRP = serum concentration of c-reactive protein (after converting units to mg/dL), PGH = patient's global assessment of disease activity, which was measured on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = managing very well and 100 = managing very poorly. Good responders experienced a change from baseline of greater than 1.2 with a DAS28 score less than or equal to 3.2.
Time frame: Month 3 and Month 6
Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Score by Visit
The CDAI is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA and calculated as CDAI = TJC28 + SJC28 + PGH (in centimeters) + PhGH (in centimeters), where TJC28 = tender joint count on 28 units, SJC28 = swollen joint count on 28 units, PGH = patient's global assessment of disease activity, assessed on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = managing very well and 100 = managing very poorly, and PhGH = physician global assessment of disease activity, assessed on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = no arthritis activity and 100 = extremely active arthritis; with a total score ranged from 0-76. Higher scores indicate greater disease activity. CDAI score of less than or equal to 2.8 represents clinical remission, score of less than or equal to 10.0 represents low disease activity, score of less than or equal to 22.0 represents moderate disease activity, and score of greater than 22.0 represents high (or severe) disease.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in TJC and SJC at Month 3 and Month 6
TJC was determined by examining 28 and 68 joints and identified the joints that were painful under pressure or to passive motion. The number of tender joints was recorded on the joint assessment form at baseline, no tenderness = 0, tenderness = 1. SJC was determined by examination of 28 and 66 joints and identifying when swelling was present. The number of swollen joints was recorded on the joint assessment form at baseline, no swelling = 0, swelling =1.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Score by Visit
The SDAI is a combined index for measuring disease activity in RA and calculated as SDAI = TJC28 + SJC28 + PGH (in centimeters) + PhGH (in centimeters) + CRP (in mg/dL), where TJC28 = tender joint count on 28 units, SJC28 = swollen joint count on 28 units, PGH = patient's global assessment of disease activity, assessed on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = managing very well and 100 = managing very poorly, PhGH = physician global assessment of disease activity, assessed on a 100 mm VAS, where 0 = no arthritis activity and 100 = extremely active arthritis, CRP = serum concentration of c-reactive protein; with a total SDAI score ranged from 0-86. Higher scores indicate greater disease activity. SDAI scores of less than or equal to 3.3 represents clinical remission, less than or equal to 11.0 represents low disease activity, less than or equal to 26.0 represents moderate disease activity, and greater than 26.0 represents high (or severe) disease.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Percentage of Participants With an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20%, 50%, or 70% (ACR20/50/70) Response at Month 3 and Month 6 From the Start of Tocilizumab Treatment
ACR 20,50 or 70 response=an improvement of ≥ 20%, ≥ 50% or ≥ 70% respectively, as compared to baseline in TJC28 and SJC28, and 20%, 50% or 70% improvement in at least 3 of the 5 following measures: Patient's Assessment of Pain over the previous 24 hours, PGA, PhGA, HAQ, and acute phase reactant (either CRP or ESR). TJC and SJC, based on 28-joint assessments. Number of tender joints and swollen joints were recorded on the joint assessment form at baseline, no tenderness = 0 and tenderness = 1, no swelling = 0 and swelling =1, respectively. HAQ measures functional status (disability) and health-related quality of life with 20 questions, summarized in 8 categories: dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and common activities over past week, 0=without difficulty to 3=unable to do. Patient's assessment of pain assessed using a VAS; 0=no pain, 100=unbearable pain; PGA and PhGA, assessed using VAS ; 0= no disease activity, 100=maximum disease activity.
Time frame: Month 3 and Month 6
Change From Baseline in Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity at Months 3 and 6
The physician global assessment of disease activity was evaluated using a 100 mm VAS where 0 = no arthritis activity and 100 = extremely active arthritis. Higher scores indicated increased level of disease.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity at Months 3 and 6
The patient's global assessment of disease activity was measured using a 100 mm VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0= managing very well and 100 = managing very poorly.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in HAQ-DI Score at Months 3 and 6
The HAQ-DI is a questionnaire that measures functional status (disability) and health-related quality of life. It measures the participant's ability to perform everyday tasks. The index consists of 20 questions regarding the function of the upper and lower extremities. These questions are summarized in 8 categories: dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip and common activities over past week. Each question was evaluated according to the degree of severity on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 = without any difficulty to 3 = unable to do. Total score is the sum of each question, which ranges from 0 to 60, where higher scores represent higher disease activity. The change from baseline in HAQ-DI score at Month 3 and Month 6 was calculated as the difference between HAQ-D1 score reported at baseline and the HAQ-D1 score reported at Month 3 and Month 6.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in VAS-Fatigue at Months 3 and 6
Participants measured the level of fatigue due to RA using a 100 mm VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = no fatigue to 100 = extreme fatigue.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in Patient's Assessment of Pain at Months 3 and 6
Participants measured the pain intensity due to RA using a 100 mm VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = no pain to 100 = unbearable pain.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
Change From Baseline in Participant Assessment of Morning Stiffness Using VAS at Months 3 and 6
The participant assessment of morning stiffness was measured using a ruler on a 100 mm VAS, where the responses were on a continuous range from 0 = no stiffness and 100 = maximum stiffness.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6