two-armed trial to compare E-nP-C against tailored dtEC-dtD in patients with high risk early breast cancer
The Norton-Simon-Hypothesis on log cell kill suggests that chemotherapy should be given at maximum dosages at minimum intervals. Combination chemotherapy, which always has to make compromises regarding the doses of each drug and treatment intervals due to acute as well as cumulative toxicities, does therefore not comply with this theory. Sequential application of monotherapies, however, allows very high single agent doses and dose-dense treatment intervals. Regimens designed according to the Norton-Simon-Hypothesis have shown to be highly active as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. As the number of cycles of each agent can be restricted to 3, as previously done in the AGO ETC trial by Möbus et al., cumulative toxicities do not really occur. Two large scale trials of dose-dense chemotherapy have proven very high protective activity against tumor recurrence (AGO ETC (Ref.1) and CALGB 9741 (Ref.2)). Especially the ETC trial (epirubicin, solvent-based paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide) showed an impressive superior DFS and OS in 1284 high-risk breast cancer patients with \> 4positive lymph nodes. The doses used are exceptional at maximum dosage and minimum intervals with epirubicin 150 mg/m², Paclitaxel 225 mg/m² and cyclophosphamide 2.5 g/m² given every 2 weeks based on the above described Norton-Simon-Hypothesis. However, as each drug was given only 3 times at intervals of 2 weeks, this regimen is feasible and safe with primary support of G-CSF and ESF. The ETC schedule is today considered standard of care for high-risk breast cancer patients in Germany. However, both trials, ETC and CALGB 9741, compared the dose-dense concept against EC-P q3w which is nowadays considered to be an inferior regimen compared to EC-P weekly or EC-Doc. The GAIN trial had a 2x2 factorial design and explored ETC versus EC-TX and ibandronate vs. observation. The trial closed recruitment after 3023 pts in July 2008. In the Panther trial, a joint effort of SBG, ABCSG, AGO-B and GBG, the tailored, dose-dense EC-Doc (dtEC-dtD) regimen was tested against conventional dosed FEC-Doc. Efficacy results are to be awaited, safety results will be published in 2012. Nab-paclitaxel (nP) provides a better toxicity profile and a higher efficacy compared to solvent based taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel). It might therefore be the preferred component in an intense dose-dense regimen. Assuming that the corresponding dose of nab-paclitaxel to 175 mg/m² paclitaxel is 260 mg/m², an appropriate dose would be 330 mg/m² nab-paclitaxel to substitute paclitaxel at 225 mg/m². So far, no experience with such a dose of nab-paclitaxel is available. However, initial experience with 300mg/m² q3w and 150mg/m² weekly (in 3 out of 4 weeks) showed a good safety profile even when given for a median of 8 cycles (Ref.3). Another pilot study showed a good tolerability of 260 mg/m² nab-paclitaxel given q2w for 4 cycles (Ref.4+5). The GAIN-2 trial will allow for comparing the toxicity and effectiveness of a predefined intense dose-dense regimen (EnPC) vs. a dose-dense regimen with modification of single doses depending on individual haematological and non-haematological toxicities. The primary aim of the GAIN-2 trial will be to compare the invasive disease-free survival after adjuvant chemotherapy with EnPC or dtEC-dtD in patients with primary node-positive or high risk node negative breast cancer. To explore the maximum dose of nab-paclitaxel in this setting, a run-in phase with varying doses of nab-paclitaxel is included in the study design.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
2,886
Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst
Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
invasive disease-free survival (IDFS)
The IDFS is defined as the time period between the registration and the first invasive event. It will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS)
The LRRFS is defined as the time period between the registration and the first locoregional event. It will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
overall survival (OS)
The OS is defined as the time period between the registration and the death of a patient. It will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry (relatives can give the information regarding death as well).
Time frame: 5 years
distant disease-free survival (DDFS)
The DDFS is defined as the time period between the registration and the first distant event. It will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
local relapse-free survival (LRFS)
LRFS is defined as the time period between registration and first local event and will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
regional relapse-free survival (RRFS)
RRFS is defined as the time period between registration and first regional event and will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
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brain metastasis free survival (in the subgroup of TNBC and HER2+)
brain metastasis free survival is defined as the time period between registration and first brain metastasis event and will be analyzed after the end of the study by referring to data from GBG patient's registry.
Time frame: 5 years
compliance
compliance is defined as the adherence to protocol and will be analyzed after the end of the therapy by referring to data from CRF.
Time frame: 5 years
safety
safety is defined by the AE that occur and will be analyzed after the end of the therapy by referring to data from CRF (including time to resolve neuropathy to grade 1)
Time frame: 5 years
side effects of taxane
Side effects of taxane are measured before, during and after chemotherapy by FACT-taxane questionnaires. the questionnaires will be analyzed after the end of the therapy.
Time frame: 5 years
treatment effects by intrinsic subtypes
the treatment effect will be analyzed after the end of the therapy by referring to data from CRF and later by using the data from patient registry to compare the outcome in the different subtypes. The intrinsic subtypes are: 0-3, 4-9 or 10+ involved nodes as well as Ki-67.
Time frame: 5 years
Ovarian substudy
To assess ovarian function measured by amenorrhea rate in correlation with changes in E2, FSH, LH , Anti-Müller Hormone, ultrasound-follicle count in patients aged \<45 years.
Time frame: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months 30 months
Pharmacogenetic substudy
To correlate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes with the associated toxicity and histologically assessed treatment effect.
Time frame: Baseline
biology of lymph node metastases
The correlation of lymph node metastases with biological markers is investigated
Time frame: baseline