Multicenter Study of Antimicrobial Resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative Clinical Strains to Ceftaroline and Other Antimicrobials in Russia

Inclusion Criteria: * Isolates derived from patients' clinical material will be included in the study * Isolates collected retro- and prospectively will be included in the study (from 01.01.2008 till 31.12.2012) * Isolates, allocated of a clinical material of adult patients (\> 18 years), should make not less than 70 % from total number of included isolates) * All included isolates should be unique: only one isolate can be included in the study of each biological type from each patient * All isolates should correspond to clinic-laboratory criteria of the etiologic importance, i.e. should be derived from patients with infection symptoms from the corresponding clinical material * Case report form (CRF) (Appendix 1) should be correctly completed for each isolate Exclusion Criteria: * ESBL-producing representatives of Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) * Isolates, arrived in the central laboratory contaminated or unviable