The primary objectives of this study is to explore the efficacy of mavrilimumab compared with golimumab in the treatment of adult subjects 18-80 years of age with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have an inadequate response to one or more conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and/or one or two anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (excluding golimumab) for efficacy or safety reasons.
Despite the therapeutic improvements with recent biologic agents approved for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is still a significant unmet medical need for the treatment of subjects with this chronic disease to achieve a faster, more complete response, and higher rates of remission. The aim of the current study is to compare the efficacy and safety of a subcutaneous dose of mavrilimumab with a marketed treatment for RA (golimumab) in 120 adult subjects with moderate-to-severe active RA who have had an inadequate response to one or two anti-TNF agents with mavrilimumab. The design of the study was exploratory and not formerly statistically powered.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
215
Participants received alternating doses of golimumab 50 mg (Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) and placebo matched to mavrilimumab (Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22) injections subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 24 weeks in combination with stable dose of methotrexate (7.5 to 25 mg per week) through oral or parenteral route.
Participants received Mavrilimumab 100 mg injection subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 24 weeks in combination with stable dose of methotrexate (7.5 to 25 mg per week) through oral or parenteral route.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) Responses at Day 169
The ACR20 was defined as greater than or equal to (\>=) 20 percent (%) improvement, in: swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) and \>=20% improvement in at least 3 of 5 remaining ACR core measures: participant assessment of pain; participant global assessment of disease activity (PGA); physician global assessment of disease activity (MDGA); self-assessed disability (disability index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire \[HAQ\]); and C-reactive protein (CRP). If CRP was missing and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was present then ESR was to be used.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved American College of Rheumatology 50 (ACR50) Responses at Day 169
The ACR50 was defined as \>=50% improvement, in: SJC and TJC and \>=50% improvement in at least 3 of 5 remaining ACR core measures: participant assessment of pain; participant global assessment of disease activity; physician global assessment of disease activity; self-assessed disability (disability index of the HAQ); and CRP. If CRP was missing and ESR was present then ESR was to be used. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved American College of Rheumatology 70 (ACR70) Responses at Day 169
The ACR70 was defined as \>=70% improvement, in: SJC and TJC and \>=70% improvement in at least 3 of 5 remaining ACR core measures: participant assessment of pain; participant global assessment of disease activity; physician global assessment of disease activity; self-assessed disability (disability index of the HAQ); and CRP. If CRP was missing and ESR was present then ESR was to be used. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Disease Activity Score of 28 Joints Using C-Reactive Protein (DAS28 [CRP]) Response at Day 169
The DAS28 (CRP) was calculated from the number of SJC and TJC using the 28 joints count, The DAS28(CRP) considers 28 of the 68 TJC and 28 of the 66 SJC and participant's global health (GH) using PGA of disease activity using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0 (= best), 100 (= worst) plus levels of CRP (milligram/Liter \[mg/L\]). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score= more disease activity. DAS28 (CRP) less than (\<) 3.2 = low disease activity, \>=3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity and \<2.6= remission. Participants with score less than 2.6 were analysed. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
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Research Site
Ciudad Autonoma Buenos Aires, Argentina
Research Site
Córdoba, Argentina
Research Site
San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
Research Site
Barranquilla, Colombia
Research Site
Prague, Czechia
Research Site
Uherské Hradiště, Czechia
Research Site
Zlín, Czechia
Research Site
Montpellier, France
Research Site
Athens, Greece
Research Site
Heraklion, Greece
...and 29 more locations
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score Improvement From Baseline and >= 0.25 at Day 169
The HAQ-DI: 20-item scale assessing participant-reported assessment of ability to perform tasks in 8 categories of daily living activities: dress/groom; arising, eating, hygiene, walking, reaching, grip, and errands/chores over past week. Each item was scored on 4-point scale from 0 to 3: 0=no difficulty; 1=some difficulty; 2=much difficulty; 3=unable to do. Overall score was computed as the sum of domain scores and divided by the number of domains answered. Total possible score range from 0 to 3; where 0 = least difficulty and 3 = extreme difficulty. Participants with change from baseline more than or equal to (\>=) 0.25 were reported. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
Time frame: Day 169
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and Day 169 that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. TEAE and TESAE were reported as per relatedness and severity.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 169
Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Parameters Reported as Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
Any medically significant change in laboratory evaluations were recorded as adverse events. Following parameters were analyzed for laboratory examination: hematology (leukocytosis, neutropenia, anaemia of chronic disease); serum chemistry (alanine aminotransferase, blood parathyroid hormone, gamma glutamyl transferase, hepatic enzyme, dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia); urinalysis.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 169
Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Signs Reported as Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
Vital sign assessments included blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature, weight and respiration rate. Vital signs abnormalities reported as TEAEs were reported.
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 169
Number of Participants With Pulmonary Function Test Values Below Threshold Values Based on Percent Change From Baseline at Day 85 and 169
Pulmonary function testing were performed by spirometry to assess forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 6 second (FEV6), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). FEV1 was the maximal volume of air exhaled in the first second of a forced expiration from a position of full inspiration. FEV6 was the maximal volume of air exhaled in the six second of a forced expiration from a position of full inspiration. FVC was the volume of air which can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. DLCO is a pulmonary function test that measures the partial pressure difference between inspired and expired carbon monoxide. The percentage of predicted values of these pulmonary function tests were calculated based on decreases from baseline and categorized as more than (\>) 20% reduction (RD) and absolute value (AV) less than (\<) 80% predicted (PR).
Time frame: Day 85 and 169
Dyspnea Score at Day 169
Borg dyspnea scale was a validated participant reported outcome assessing participant's perceived difficulty in breathing (dyspnea). The scale ranges from 0 (nothing at all) to 10 (maximal difficulty). Higher scores indicated greater difficulty in breathing.
Time frame: Day 169
Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score of 28 Joints Using C-Reactive Protein (DAS28 [CRP]) Score at Day 169
DAS28 (CRP) calculated swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) using the 28 joints, general health (GH) using participant assessment of disease activity (participant rated arthritis activity using the numerical rating scale with 0 = best, 10 = worst), and CRP (milligram per liter \[mg/L\]). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score= more disease activity. DAS28 (CRP) less than (\<) 3.2 = low disease activity, greater than or equal to (\>=) 3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity and \<2.6= remission.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Change From Baseline in Continuous American College of Rheumatology (ACRn) Score at Day 169
ACR score - continuous (ACRn) was defined as the minimum of the percentage improvement in TJC, SJC and the median of the percentage improvements in the other five components of the ACR criteria (participant assessment of pain; participant global assessment of disease activity; physician global assessment of disease activity; disability index of the HAQ; and CRP). Total score range was -100 to 100, where negative numbers indicated worsening and positive numbers indicated improvement. Mean indicates adjusted mean (Adj mean).
Time frame: Baseline up to Day 169
American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Hybrid Score at Day 169
ACR Hybrid score was defined as the minimum of the percentage improvement in TJC, SJC and the median of the percentage improvements in the other five components of the ACR criteria (participant assessment of pain; participant global assessment of disease activity; physician global assessment of disease activity; disability index of the HAQ; and CRP). Total score range was -100 to 100, where negative numbers indicated worsening and positive numbers indicated improvement.
Time frame: Day 169
Number of Participants Who Achieved DAS28 (CRP) Response by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Category at Day 169
DAS28 (CRP) response by EULAR category were used to measure individual response as none, moderate, and good, depending on the extent of change from baseline and the level of disease activity reached. Good response: change from baseline \>1.2 with baseline DAS28 (CRP) \<3.2; moderate response: change from baseline \>1.2 with baseline DAS28 (CRP) \>=3.2 to less than or equal to (=\<) 5.1 or change from baseline \>=0.6 to =\< 1.2 with baseline DAS28 (CRP) \>=3.2 to =\<5.1; no response: change from baseline \<0.6 or change from baseline \>=0.6 and =\<1.2 with baseline DAS28 (CRP) \>5.1.
Time frame: Day 169
Number of Participants With DAS28 (CRP) Remission and Low Disease Activity at Day 169
DAS28 (CRP) calculated SJC and TJC using the 28 joints, GH using participant assessment of disease activity (participant rated arthritis activity using the numerical rating scale with 0 = best, 10 = worst), and CRP (mg/L). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score= more disease activity. Remission was defined as less than 2.6 DAS28 (CRP) score. Low disease activity was defined as less than 3.2 DAS28 (CRP) score.
Time frame: Day 169
Time to Onset DAS28 (CRP) Remission at Day 169
The DAS28 (CRP) was calculated from the number of SJC and TJC using the 28 joints count, The DAS28(CRP) considers 28 of the 68 TJC and 28 of the 66 SJC and participant's global health (GH) using PGA of disease activity using the VAS of 0 (= best), 100 (= worst) plus levels of CRP (mg/L). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score= more disease activity. DAS28 (CRP) \<3.2 = low disease activity, \>=3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity and \<2.6= remission. Participants with score less than 2.6 were analysed. Onset of DAS28(CRP) remission ≤ 2.6 defined as the first study day in which the DAS28 score met the criteria.
Time frame: Day 169
Duration of DAS28 (CRP) Remission at Day 169
The DAS28 (CRP) was calculated from the number of SJC and TJC using the 28 joints count, The DAS28(CRP) considers 28 of the 68 TJC and 28 of the 66 SJC and participant's global health (GH) using PGA of disease activity using the VAS of 0 (= best), 100 (= worst) plus levels of CRP (mg/L). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score= more disease activity. DAS28 (CRP) \<3.2 = low disease activity, \>=3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity and \<2.6= remission. Participants with score less than 2.6 were analysed. Duration of DAS28(CRP) remission for each subject was defined as number of days from onset of remission to when the subject was no longer in remission.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Disease Activity Score of 28 Joints Using Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28 [ESR]) < 2.6 at Day 169
The DAS28 (ESR) calculated SJC and TJC using the 28 joints, GH using participant assessment of disease activity (participant rated arthritis activity using the numerical rating scale with 0 = best, 10 = worst), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (millimeters per hour \[mm/hour\]). Total score range: 0-9.4, higher score = more disease activity. DAS28 (ESR) \<3.2 = low disease activity, \>=3.2 to 5.1 = moderate to high disease activity and \<2.6= remission. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) Remission at Day 169
The SDAI was the numerical sum of five outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, patient global assessment and physician global assessment assessed on 0 - 10 centimetre (cm) VAS; and C-reactive protein (CRP) (milligram per deciliter \[mg/dL\]). The SDAI total score ranges from 0 to 86, where higher scores indicates greater affection due to disease activity. SDAI remission was defined as a score less than or equal to 3.3. The percentage of participants were calculated by logistic regression model method.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants With Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) Remission at Day 169
The CDAI was the numerical sum of 4 outcome parameters: TJC and SJC based on a 28-joint assessment, patient global assessment and physician global assessment assessed on 0 - 10 cm VAS. The CDAI total score ranges from 0 to 76 where higher scores indicates greater affection due to disease activity. CDAI remission was defined as a score less than or equal to 2.8.
Time frame: Day 169
Percentage of Participants With American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Remission at Day 169
The ACR/EULAR remission was defined as swollen joint count (0-66), tender joint count (0-68), CRP (mg/dL) and participant global assessment (0-10) all less than or equal to one.
Time frame: Day 169
Mean Change From Baseline in Swollen and Tender Joint Count at Day 169
Number of swollen joints was determined by examination of 66 joints and identifying when swelling was present. The number of swollen joints was recorded on the joint assessment form, no swelling = 0, swelling =1. Number of tender joints was determined by examining 68 joints and identified the joints that were painful under pressure or to passive motion. The number of tender joints was recorded on the joint assessment form, no tenderness = 0, tenderness = 1. Mean here indicates adjusted mean.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Mean Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Pain at Day 169
Participants rated the severity of arthritis pain on a 0 to 100 millimeter (mm) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 mm = no pain and 100 mm = most severe pain.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Mean Change From Baseline in Patient Global Assessment (PGA) of Disease Activity at Day 169
Participants responded to a question, "Considering all the ways your arthritis affects you, how are you feeling today?" by using a 0 - 100 mm VAS, where 0 = very well and 100 = very poorly.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Mean Change From Baseline in Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity (MDGA) at Day 169
Physician Global Assessment of Arthritis was measured by asking the physician to assess the participant's current arthritis disease activity by placing a vertical line on a 0 to 10 cm VAS, where 0 cm = very good and 10 cm = very bad.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Mean Change From Baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score at Day 169
HAQ-DI: participant-reported assessment of ability to perform tasks in 8 categories of daily living activities: dress/groom; arise; eat; walk; reach; grip; hygiene; and common activities over past week. Each item was scored on 4-point scale from 0 to 3: 0=no difficulty; 1=some difficulty; 2=much difficulty; 3=unable to do. Overall score was computed as the sum of domain scores and divided by the number of domains answered. Total possible score range from 0 to 3; where 0 = least difficulty and 3 = extreme difficulty.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Ratio of Change C-Reactive Protein (CRP) at Day 169 to Baseline
The ratio of change from baseline for CRP was analyzed and reported. The CRP is a substance produced by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation in the body. The test for CRP is a laboratory measurement for evaluation of an acute phase reactant of inflammation through the use of an ultrasensitive assay. A decrease in the level of CRP indicates reduction in inflammation and therefore improvement in underlying disease.
Time frame: Baseline and Day 169
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) at Day 169
ESR is a laboratory test that provides a non-specific measure of inflammation. The test assesses the rate at which red blood cells fall in a test tube. The farther the red blood cells have descended, the greater the inflammatory response.
Time frame: Day 169
Serum Concentrations of Mavrilimumab
Serum concentrations after subcutaneous dose of mavrilimumab were calculated
Time frame: Baseline, Day 8, 15, 29, 85, 141, and 169
Number of Participants Exhibiting Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs) to Mavrilimumab
Immunogenicity assessment included determination of anti-drug (mavrilimumab) antibodies in serum samples. ADA detection measured by using electrochemiluminescence assays.
Time frame: Day 1 to Day 169