Research study evaluating the individual and combined effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and inhaled prostacyclin (iPGI2), on the function of the right heart after surgery for either heart transplant or for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. The investigators hope to learn if these two medications, when given together after surgery, improve right heart function by lowering blood vessel pressures in the lungs. The investigators hope to learn if the combined effects of these two medications are better than either medication used alone. Participants were selected as a possible participant in this study because right heart problems are common during and after surgery for heart transplant and for LVAD placement. In addition, iNO is always given during and after these two types of surgeries at Stanford to help improve how the right heart functions.
The study will begin once the participant arrives in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) after heart surgery for either heart transplant or LVAD placement. As is standard of care after these types of surgeries, the participant will arrive in the CTICU with a breathing tube already in place, receiving iNO, and connected to a breathing machine. The participant will be receiving relaxing medication in an intravenous line provided by the cardiac anesthesiologist and the CTICU physicians. The participant will be unaware of the study period while the participant is sedated. Data will be collected from the monitor screen connected to the participant's arterial and venous lines, and if placed, LVAD monitor. These data are: Central venous pressure (CVP) Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) Cardiac Index (CI) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) Right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) LVAD Flow LVAD Pulsatility Index (PI) These data will be collected at five different time periods during the first eight hours after surgery. 1. Time zero. Data will be collected after surgery upon your arrival to the CTICU while receiving iNO. 2. After two hours of iNO treatment data will be collected. iPGI2 will then be combined with the current iNO. 3. After two hours of combined iNO and iPGI2 treatment, data will be collected. iNO will then be stopped. 4. After two hours of iPGI2 treatment data will be collected. iNO will be restarted. 5. After two hours of combined iNO and iPGI2 treatment, data will be collected. The study ends after this data collection time.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
14
inhaled nitric oxide
inhaled prostacyclin
Stanford Hospital and Clinics
Stanford, California, United States
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension was measured as mean of Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure for initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). MPAP value ≥25 mmHg (resting) indicates pulmonary hypertension state.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
Right Heart Dysfunction
Right Heart Dysfunction was measured as mean of Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index (RVSWI) for the initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). RVSWI is measured as the difference in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and central venous pressure (CVP), divided by the cardiac index (CI): \[(MPAP-CVP) / CI\]. Normal range for RVSWI is 5-10 g/m.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) was measured as mean of Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) for the initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Normal range for SVR is 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm5.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) was measured as mean of CVP for the initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Normal range for CVP is 3-8 mmHg.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) was measured as mean of MAP for the initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Normal range for MAP is 70-110 mmHg.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
Heart Rate
Heart Rate was measured as mean of Heart Rate for the initial 8 hours after admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Normal range for heart rate is generally 60 to 100 beats per minutes in adults, but this can vary.
Time frame: 8 hours (upon arrival at ICU, and after 4 successive 2 hour treatments with 1. iNO only, 2. iNO+iPGI2 (1st), 3. iPGI2 only, and 4. iNO+iPGI2 (2nd))
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