Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease of unknown cause for which there is no effective medical treatment. The main symptoms are increasing breathlessness and cough which can significantly impact on quality of life (QOL) often leading to anxiety and depression. The focus of disease management is shifting from pharmacological attempts to reduce disease progression to managing symptoms and a more holistic approach. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is increasingly used to treat anxiety and depression in chronic disease. Our investigators aim to determine whether CBT can reduce anxiety and depression related to symptoms and improve QOL in patients with IPF. This study will compare CBT intervention (Group 1) against standard treatment (Group 2). Patients will be recruited from a specialist IPF clinic - all patients attending with IPF who suffer from anxiety will be eligible to participate in the study. The study aims to recruit 30 patients (15 in each group). Patients will be randomly allocated into each group using an envelope concealment system. At entry a baseline visit will be conducted with information gathered regarding disease severity, hospital admissions, medication, symptoms (subjective and objective), quality of life and anxiety and depression using questionnaires and routine clinical tests. Patients will then receive CBT intervention (Group 1) or no intervention (Group 2). Patients receiving CBT will undergo a maximum of 6 (minimum of 2) individual therapy sessions. Follow up visits for both groups will be conducted at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months with the same information gathered as at the baseline visit.
Medical therapies (e.g. prednisolone, azathioprine and N-acetylcysteine) have not shown any benefit in patients with IPF and may cause harm. Therefore the focus of management has shifted towards a more holistic approach-management of the symptoms and how patients cope with these, in a chronic progressive terminal disease. Anxiety is recognised to contribute to patients' perceptions of symptoms and quality of life. CBT is being increasingly used in other chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where there is some evidence that it reduces anxiety and breathlessness. Currently there is no evidence regarding its use in IPF. If CBT is shown to reduce anxiety and help patients cope with symptoms of cough and breathlessness then it can be integrated into the care of all IPF patients to improve quality of life. All patients attending our specialist IPF clinic will be asked to complete a hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire (HADS). All those with anxiety (HADS-A of equal to or greater than 8) will be eligible for entry. Study information will be provided to these patients and they will then be contacted between 24 and 48 hours later by telephone to confirm they wish to enter the study. If they wish to participate a hospital visit will be arranged to complete informed consent, gather baseline information and be randomised. If allocated to the CBT intervention group they will then receive a maximum of 6 (minimum of 2) sessions of CBT on an individual basis. Patients allocated to the placebo group will receive written information on anxiety management. All patients will attend four more clinic visits at three, six, nine and twelve months after randomisation. At each clinic visit they will complete five questionnaires (totalling 60 questions) and undergo lung function and six minute walk test. They will be consented to wear a cough monitor for a 24 hour period at both baseline and 3 month visits. The cough monitor records the number of times a patient coughs and how long they cough for during a 24 hour period. A small microphone is attached to the clothing and another small microphone to the chest wall which is connected to a small recording device. The device is carried around the waist. The patient will then return the cough monitor the following day. The monitor records not only coughing sounds but also other sounds around the microphone. However, computer software is used to remove parts of the recording where there is no sound, such as when reading or sleeping. It is also designed to remove distant noises, such as another person's conversation or noise from a television but this depends on how loud or close the noise is to the microphone. The anonymised recordings will be analysed by a trained researcher at Manchester University who counts the number of coughs. The recordings are kept confidential and are stored anonymously at the University of Manchester for a period of 15 years.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
30
Patient receive 2-6 sessions depending on individual need. first session is 1 hour duration with additional sessions approximately 30 minutes.
Royal Victoria Infirmary
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
Royal Victoria Infirmary
Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, United Kingdom
validity of tools used
to determine validity of tools used in pilot study to inform a future, multicentre RCT.
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
estimation of recruitment rate
to determine estimation of recruitment rate to inform a future RCT
Time frame: baseline to 12 months
number of patients needed
estimation of parameters such as variance of outcome variables to enable calculation of sample size in a future RCT.
Time frame: baseline to 12 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subset
to assess change in anxiety scores using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety subset) at 3 months.
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subset
to assess change in depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subset) at 3 months.
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in cough frequency
to assess change in cough frequency using a 24 hour cough monitor
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale
to assess the impact on breathlessness using change in MRC dyspnoea scale at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in pulmonary function tests (FVC, TLCO)
to assess impact on disease severity using pulmonary function tests at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in leicester cough questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Leicester cough questionnaire at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subset
change in anxiety score using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety subset) at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subset
change in anxiety score using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety subset) at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subset
change in anxiety score using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety subset) at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subset
to assess change in depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subset) at 6 months.
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subset
to assess change in depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subset) at 9 months.
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subset
to assess change in depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subset) at 12 months.
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in MRC dyspnoea scale
to assess the impact on breathlessness using change in MRC dyspnoea scale at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in MRC dyspnoea scale
to assess the impact on breathlessness using change in MRC dyspnoea scale at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in MRC dyspnoea scale
to assess the impact on breathlessness using change in MRC dyspnoea scale at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in pulmonary function tests (FVC, TLCO)
to assess impact on disease severity using pulmonary function tests at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in pulmonary function tests (FVC, TLCO)
to assess impact on disease severity using pulmonary function tests at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in pulmonary function tests (FVC, TLCO)
to assess impact on disease severity using pulmonary function tests at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in 6 minute walk distance
to assess impact on disease severity using six minute walk distance and desaturation index at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in six minute walk distance
to assess impact on disease severity using six minute walk distance and desaturation index at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in six minute walk distance
to assess impact on disease severity using six minute walk distance and desaturation index at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in six minute walk distance
to assess impact on disease severity using six minute walk distance and desaturation index at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in leicester cough questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Leicester cough questionnaire at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in leicester cough questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Leicester cough questionnaire at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in leicester cough questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Leicester cough questionnaire at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in King's brief interstitial lung disease questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the King's brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in King's brief interstitial lung disease questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the King's brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in King's brief interstitial lung disease questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the King's brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in King's brief interstitial lung disease questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the King's brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the Generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
change in EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire at 3 months
Time frame: baseline and 3 months
change in EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire at 6 months
Time frame: baseline and 6 months
change in EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire at 9 months
Time frame: baseline and 9 months
change in EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire
to assess the change in quality of life using the EuroQol5 Dimension questionnaire at 12 months
Time frame: baseline and 12 months
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