Soy Nuts and Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Inclusion Criteria: * Women with absence of menses for at least 12 months or irregular periods and hot flashes. Exclusion Criteria: * were current cigarette smoking or smoking in the previous year; * clinical coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, or cerebrovascular disease; * known diabetes mellitus or a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or greater; * a history of breast cancer; a fasting triglyceride level greater than 400 mg/dL; systolic BP of 165 mm Hg or greater or diastolic BP of 100 mm Hg or greater; * untreated hypothyroidism; systemic or endocrine disease known to affect lipid, mineral, or bone metabolism; * and consumption of more than 21 alcoholic drinks per week. * Use of lipid-lowering drugs, hormone therapy, medications for osteoporosis, and soy products was discontinued for 2 months before entering the study. Participants took a multivitamin but no additional vitamin or mineral supplements or other soy products during the study.