Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults

GlaxoSmithKline3,575 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective efficacy of two doses of GSK Biologicals' candidate TB vaccine against pulmonary TB, as compared to placebo. The efficacy will be evaluated in adults living in TB endemic countries and aged 18 - 50 years because pulmonary TB occurs frequently in these countries and age range. In addition, the safety and immunogenicity of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine will be evaluated in a subset of volunteers.

Case Definitions: • First case definition: A subject with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB disease, with MTB complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken before initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and/or microbiological culture and confirmed HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis. • Second case definition: A subject with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB disease, with MTB complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken before initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and confirmed HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis. • Third case definition: A subject with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB disease, with MTB complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken up to four weeks after initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and/or microbiological culture and confirmed HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis. • Fourth case definition: A subject with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB disease, with MTB complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken up to four weeks after initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and/or microbiological culture. • Fifth case definition: A subject for whom a clinician has diagnosed TB disease and has decided to treat the patient with TB treatment.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

PREVENTION

Masking

QUADRUPLE

Enrollment

3,575

Conditions

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Vaccines

Interventions

GSK Biologicals' investigational TB vaccine (GSK692342)BIOLOGICAL

2 doses administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region of the arm.

PlaceboBIOLOGICAL

2 doses administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region of the arm.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 50 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol. * A male or female between, and including, 18 and 50 years of age at the time of obtaining informed consent. * Written (or thumb printed and witnessed) informed consent obtained from the subject. * Baseline positive IGRA test result. * Baseline negative HIV screen. * Baseline negative clinical screening questionnaire and negative sputum sample for Pulmonary TB disease. * Healthy subjects or those with chronic well-controlled disease as established by medical history and clinical examination. * Female subjects of non-childbearing potential may be enrolled in the study. * Non-childbearing potential is defined as pre-menarche, current tubal ligation, hysterectomy, ovariectomy or post-menopause. * Female subjects of childbearing potential may be enrolled in the study, if the subject: * has practiced adequate contraception for 25 days prior to vaccination, and * has a negative pregnancy test on the day of screening and the day of first vaccination, and * has agreed to continue adequate contraception during the entire vaccination period and for 2 months after completion of the vaccination series. Exclusion Criteria: * Current TB disease or history of TB disease and/or treatment for TB. * Use of any investigational or non-registered product other than the study vaccines within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period. * Planned administration/administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol in the period starting 30 days before and ending 30 days after each dose of vaccine. * History of previous administration of experimental Mtb vaccines. * Chronic administration of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within six months prior to the first vaccine dose. Inhaled and topical steroids are allowed. * Any condition or illness or medication, which in the opinion of the Investigator might interfere with the evaluation of the safety or immunogenicity of the vaccine. * Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, based on medical history and physical examination. * Planned participation or participation in another experimental protocol during the study. * Concurrently participating in another clinical study, at any time during the study period, in which the subject has been or will be exposed to an investigational or a non-investigational product. * Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within the 3 months preceding the first dose of study vaccine or planned administration during the study period. * History of any reaction or hypersensitivity likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccines. * History of medically confirmed autoimmune disease. * Pregnant or lactating female. * Female planning to become pregnant or planning to discontinue contraceptive precautions during the vaccination period and/or before 2 months after completion of the vaccination series.

Locations (9)

GSK Investigational Site

Kisumu, Kenya

GSK Investigational Site

Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Klerksdorp, North West, South Africa

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Incident Rates of Definite Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Disease, Not Associated With HIV-infection, Meeting the Case Definition 1

The incidence rate of definite pulmonary TB disease (or 100 Person-years rate) was calculated as the number of subjects reporting at least one case (n) in a group, over the sum of follow-up period expressed in years (T) in the same group, and multiplied by 100. Case definition 1 = subject with clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB disease\*, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex identified from sputum specimen, taken before initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test to detect Mtb complex and resistance to rifampicin in sputum samples) and/or microbiological culture and confirmed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-negative at the time of TB diagnosis. \*Clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB defined as subject presenting with 1 or more of the following symptoms: unexplained cough \> 2 weeks, unexplained fever \> 1 week, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, pleuritic chest pains, haemoptysis, fatigue or shortness of breath on exertion.

Time frame: From Day 60 (i.e one month after Dose 2) up to Year 3: follow-up period for cases ends at the first occurrence of an event. For the non-cases: follow-up period ends at the date of the Month 36 visit or last contact date whichever comes first

Secondary Outcomes

Incident Rates of Definite Xpert MTB/Rif Positive Pulmonary TB Disease, Not Associated With HIV-infection, Meeting the Case Definition 2

The incidence rate of definite Xpert MTB/Rif positive pulmonary TB disease, expressed in terms of 100 Person-years rate, was calculated as the number of subjects reporting at least one case (n) in a group over the sum of follow-up period expressed in years (T) in the same group, and multiplied by 100. Case definition 2 = a subject with clinical suspicion\* of pulmonary TB disease, with Mtb complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken before initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and confirmed HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis. \*Clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB was defined as a subject presenting with one or more of the following symptoms: unexplained cough \> 2 weeks, unexplained fever \> 1 week, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, pleuritic chest pains, haemoptysis, fatigue or shortness of breath on exertion.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

GSK Investigational Site

Western Cape, Western Province, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Worcester, Western Province, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Cape Town, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Cape Town, South Africa

GSK Investigational Site

Lusaka, Zambia

Incident Rates of Definite Pulmonary TB Disease, Not Associated With HIV-infection Meeting the Case Definition 3

The incidence rate of definite pulmonary TB disease (or 100 Person-years rate) was calculated as the number of subjects reporting at least one case (n) in a group, over the sum of follow-up period expressed in years (T) in the same group, and multiplied by 100. Case definition 3 = a subject with clinical suspicion\* of pulmonary TB disease, with Mtb complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken up to four weeks after initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and/or microbiological culture and confirmed HIV-negative at the time of TB diagnosis.\*Clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB was defined as a subject presenting with one or more of the following symptoms: unexplained cough \> 2 weeks, unexplained fever \> 1 week, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, pleuritic chest pains, haemoptysis, fatigue or shortness of breath on exertion.

Incident Rates of Microbiological Pulmonary TB Disease, Meeting the Case Definition 4

The incidence rate of Microbiological pulmonary TB disease (or 100 Person-years rate) was calculated as the number of subjects reporting at least one case (n) in a group, over the sum of follow-up period expressed in years (T) in the same group, and multiplied by 100. Case definition 4 = a subject with clinical suspicion\* of pulmonary TB disease, with Mtb complex identified from a sputum specimen, taken up to four weeks after initiation of TB treatment, by Xpert MTB/RIF and/or microbiological culture.\*Clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB was defined as a subject presenting with one or more of the following symptoms: unexplained cough \> 2 weeks, unexplained fever \> 1 week, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, pleuritic chest pains, haemoptysis, fatigue or shortness of breath on exertion.

Incidence Rates of Clinical TB Disease, Meeting the Case Definition 5

The incidence rate of Clinical TB disease (or 100 Person-years rate) was calculated as the number of subjects reporting at least one case (n) in a group, over the sum of follow-up period expressed in years (T) in the same group, and multiplied by 100. Case definition 5 = a subject for whom a clinician has diagnosed TB disease and has decided to treat the patient with TB treatment.

Number of Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs).

Serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed include medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization or result in disability/incapacity.

Time frame: From Day 0 up to Year 3 (during the entire study period)

Number of Subjects With Any Unsolicited Adverse Events (AEs).

An unsolicited AE covers any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product and reported in addition to those solicited during the clinical study and any solicited symptom with onset outside the specified period of follow-up for solicited symptoms. Any was defined as the occurrence of any unsolicited AE regardless of intensity grade or relation to vaccination.

Time frame: During the 30-day follow-up period following vaccination, across doses (i.e. day of vaccination and 29 subsequent days after each vaccine dose)

Number of Subjects With Any Solicited Local AEs in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

Assessed solicited local symptoms were pain, redness and swelling. Any = occurrence of the symptom regardless of intensity grade. Any redness/swelling symptom was scored as injection site redness/swelling with a diameter equal or larger than (≥) 20 millimeters (mm).

Time frame: During the 7-day follow-up period (i.e. day of vaccination and 6 subsequent days) after each vaccine dose

Number of Subjects With Any Solicited General AEs in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

Assessed solicited general symptoms were fatigue, fever \[defined as axillary temperature equal to or above 37.5 degrees Celsius (°C)\], respiratory symptoms (including cough, blood in sputum, purulent sputum, shortness of breath or difficulties breathing, chest wall pain) headache, malaise and myalgia. Any = occurrence of the symptom regardless of intensity grade and relation to vaccination.

Time frame: During the 7-day follow-up period (i.e.: day of vaccination and 6 subsequent days) after each vaccine dose

Number of Subjects With Any Potential Immune-mediated Diseases (pIMDs)

Potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) are a subset of AEs that include autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory and/or neurologic disorders of interest which may or may not have an autoimmune aetiology.

Time frame: From Day 0 to 6 months post-dose 2 (i.e. at Month 7)

Number of Subjects With Grade Equal or Greater Than 2 of Severity for Haematological and Biochemichal Abnormal Laboratory Values in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

Abnormal laboratory values include haematological abnormalities (haemoglobin level, white blood cells and platelets) and biochemical abnormalities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine). Grading was defined based on the Food and Drug Administration \[FDA\], 2007. Guidance for Industry, Toxicity Grading Scale for Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine Clinical Trials. Alanine Aminotransferase = ALA; Aspartate Aminotransferase = ASP; Creatinine = CREA; Hemoglobin (Change from baseline) = HEM (baseline); Hemoglobin (decrease) = HEM (decrease); Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) (Decrease) = WBC (decrease); Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) (Increase) = WBC (increase); Platelets = PLA; Total Bilirubin = BIL.

Time frame: Days 0, 7, 30 and 37

Desciptive Statistics of the Frequency of M72-specific CD4+ T-cells Expressing Any Combination of Immune Markers in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

The frequency of M72-specific CD4 + T-cells per million cells were identified after in vitro stimulation expressing any combination of immune markers ( Interleukin-2 (IL-2), cluster of differentiation 40-ligand (CD40-L), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and interferon-gamma (IFN-) after background subtraction for each treatment group.

Time frame: Prior to dose 1 (Day 0) and post-dose 2 (Day 60, Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)

Desciptive Statistics of the Frequency of M72-specific CD8+ T-cells Expressing Any Combination of Immune Markers in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

The frequency of M72-specific CD8 + T-cells per million cells were identified after in vitro stimulation expressing any combination of immune markers ( Interleukin-2 (IL-2), cluster of differentiation 40-ligand (CD40-L), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and interferon-gamma (IFN-) after background subtraction for each treatment group.

Time frame: Prior to dose 1 (Day 0) and post-dose 2 (Day 60, Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)

M72-specific Antibody Concentrations as Measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

Mycobacterium tuberculosis M72-specific antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) with exact 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and expressed in ELISA unit per milliliter (EU/mL). The cut-off of the assay was 2.8 EU/mL. The Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC) calculations were performed by taking the anti-log of the mean of the log10 concentration transformations. For descriptive statistics purposes only, antibody concentrations below the cut-off value of the assay was given an arbitrary value of half the cut-off value for the purpose of GMC calculation.

Time frame: Prior to dose 1 (Day 0) and post-dose 2 (Day 60, Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)

Number of Seropositive Subjects for M72 Antibodies Measured by ELISA in the Safety and Immune Sub-cohort

A seronegative subject was a subject whose antibody concentration was below 2.8 EU/mL, while a seropositive subject was a subject whose antibody concentration was greater than or equal to 2.8 EU/mL.

Time frame: Prior to dose 1 (Day 0) and post-dose 2 (Day 60, Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)