The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of complete sensory block at 30 minutes following ultrasound-guided single injection infraclavicular block and ultrasound-guided double injection axillary block. The investigators research hypothesis is that both blocks will show comparable rates of complete sensory block at 30 minutes.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
224
Ultrasound-guided single injection infraclavicular block: using an in-plane technique, 30 mL of mepivacaine 1.5% is injected at the posterior aspect of the artery.
Ultrasound-guided double injection axillary block: using an in-plane technique, 25 mL of mepivacaine 1.5% is injected postero-medial to the artery. During needle withdrawal, 5 mL of the same solution is injected close to the musculocutaneous nerve.
Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus
Québec, Canada
Hôpital de Saint-Sacrement
Québec, Canada
Number of Patients With Complete Sensory Block
Complete sensory block is defined by anesthesia to cold sensation in the ulnar, radial, median and musculocutaneous nerves territories.
Time frame: 30 minutes after block completion
Number of Patients With Complete Motor Blocks
Complete motor block is defined by paralysis in the ulnar, radial, median and musculocutaneous nerves territories.
Time frame: 30 minutes after block completion
Time to Complete Sensory Block.
Complete sensory block is defined by anesthesia to cold sensation in the median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous nerves territories.
Time frame: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes after block completion
Time to Complete Motor Block
Complete motor block is defined by paralysis in the median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous nerves territories.
Time frame: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes after block completion
Surgical Block Success Rate
Surgical block success is defined by a nerve block allowing surgery without a rescue block, an infiltration of local anesthetics by the surgeon, administration of analgesics for pain in the surgical field or a general anesthesia.
Time frame: End of surgery
Performance Time of the Nerve Block
Performance time is defined as the sum of imaging time (defined as the time elapsed from the moment the Doppler probe is in contact with the patient to the insertion of the Tuohy needle) and needling time (from the insertion of the needle to its complete removal).
Time frame: During the performance of the block
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Procedure-related Pain on a Visual Analog Pain Scale
Pain was evaluated by the patient on a visual analog pain scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain of their life).
Time frame: After the nerve block procedure ended, up to 5 minutes.
Number of Patients With Postoperative Adverse Events Related to Nerve Block
Adverse events were defined by residual numbness, loss of sensitivity or weakness in the operated arm related to block performance or signs of hematoma or infection at the puncture site.
Time frame: 24 hours after surgery
Number of Patients With Postoperative Adverse Events Related to Nerve Block
Adverse events were defined by residual numbness, loss of sensitivity or weakness in the operated arm related to block performance or signs of hematoma or infection at the puncture site.
Time frame: 1 month after surgery
Duration of Surgery
Time frame: The end of surgery
Tourniquet Use
Number of participants who had a tourniquet during the surgery
Time frame: The end of surgery
Duration of Tourniquet
The total time the tourniquet was left inflated
Time frame: The end of surgery