Supraspinal Control of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Healthy Controls and Patients With Bladder Dysfunction

Inclusion Criteria: Healthy controls * Right handed * MR suitability * Written informed consent * unimpaired LUT function MS patients with OAB * Right handed * MR suitability * Written informed consent * diagnosis of MS according to the McDonald criteria * Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6 * OAB symptoms since \> 6 months * ≥ 3 episodes of urinary urgency * frequency \> 8/24h * with or without detrusor overactivity MS patients without OAB * Right handed * MR suitability * Written informed consent * diagnosis of MS according to the McDonald criteria * Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6 Patients with NNOAB * Right handed * MR suitability * Written informed consent * idiopathic OAB symptoms since \> 6 months * ≥ 3 episodes of urinary urgency * frequency \> 8/24h * refractory to antimuscarinic treatment for ≥ 1 month * indication for intradetrusor injections of Botulinumtoxin Type A * willingness and ability to perform self-catheterization SCI patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity * Right handed * MR suitability * Written informed consent * neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to SCI * indication for intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin type A Exclusion Criteria: Healthy controls * impaired LUT function * pregnancy or breast feeding * no informed consent * any craniocerebral injury or surgery * any permanent ferromagnetic implant * any previous surgery of the LUT or genitalia * any anatomical anomaly of the LUT or genitalia * any LUT malignancy * postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) \> 150ml * current urinary tract infection * any LUT symptoms * ≥ 3 episodes of urinary urgency * frequency \> 8/24h MS patients with OAB * pregnancy or breast feeding * any permanent ferromagnetic implant * any neurological or psychological disease despite MS * any craniocerebral injury or surgery * any previous surgery of the LUT or genitalia * any anatomical anomaly or malignancy of the LUT or genitalia * any metabolic disease * PVR \> 150ml * any concomitant treatment for the LUT (e.g. neuromodulation) * Stress urinary incontinence * any condition other than MS that might explain OAB symptoms * current urinary tract infection * indwelling catheters or the necessity to perform self-catheterization MS patients without OAB * pregnancy or breast feeding * any permanent ferromagnetic implant * any neurological or psychological disease despite MS * any craniocerebral injury or surgery * any previous surgery of the LUT or genitalia * any anatomical anomaly or malignancy of the LUT or genitalia * any metabolic disease * PVR \> 150ml * any concomitant treatment for the LUT (e.g. neuromodulation) * Stress urinary incontinence * any LUT symptoms * ≥ 3 episodes of urinary urgency * frequency \> 8/24h * indwelling catheters or the necessity to perform self-catheterization * detrusor overactivity * current urinary tract infection Patients with NNOAB * pregnancy or planned within next 8 months, breast feeding * any permanent ferromagnetic implant * any neurological, psychological, metabolic or cardiovascular disease * any craniocerebral injury or surgery * any previous surgery of the LUT or genitalia within the last year or that is related to the OAB symptoms * any anatomical anomaly or malignancy of the LUT or genitalia * PVR \> 150ml * Stress urinary incontinence * indwelling catheters or the necessity to perform self-catheterization * any concomitant treatment for the LUT (e.g. neuromodulation) * current urinary tract infection SCI patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity * pregnancy or breast feeding * any permanent ferromagnetic implant * any neurological or psychological disease despite SCI * any craniocerebral injury or surgery * any previous surgery of LUT of genitalia * any anatomical anomaly or malignancy of the LUT or genitalia * any metabolic disease * any concomitant treatment for the LUT (e.g. neuromodulation) * current urinary tract infection