Efficacy and Safety of Heparin-grafted Membrane for CRRT

Inclusion Criteria: Adult patients (age 21 and above) who are admitted to ICUs or CCU and requiring CRRT for acute kidney injury or ESRD Patients who has moderate bleeding risk (see below definitions) Patients with NO systemic or regional circuit anticoagulation Informed consent taken from the patient, or proxy if the former is unable to sign due to medical reasons Anticipated need for prolonged CRRT \> 3 days (Moderate bleeding risk criteria:) Moderate bleeding risk is defined by any of the following: 1. Platelet count \< 100 x 109 mm3 (but \> 50) 2. INR \> 1.5 (but \< 2.5) 3. APTT \> 50 seconds (but \< 75) 4. Post-surgery for \< 48 hours 5. Post-invasive procedures (eg. Pericardiocentasis) \< 24 hrs 6. Post major artery puncture or catheter removal from major arteries (carotids, subclavian, or femoral) \< 24 hours 7. Recent internal or gastrointestinal bleeding within 48 hours (should be secured bleeding with no relapse noted) Exclusion Criteria: Patients with very high bleeding risk (for which they should also fall outside of the below inclusion criteria - see below) Patients who are known to have heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or allergic to heparin Patients with other medical conditions for which heparin is contraindicated. Patients who require systemic anticoagulation for medical indications (We will accept patients who are on prophylactic doses of anticoagulation for DVT prophylaxis) Patients who are pregnant Patients/legally accepted surrogate who decline to consent