Validation of Gene Expression Markers of Renal Allograft Functional Decline

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult (≥18 years) conventional renal transplant recipient. * Patients who have given informed consent and are willing to comply with the protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * ABO incompatible kidney transplants. * Positive crossmatch kidney transplants (T cell crossmatch \>100, B flow cytometric crossmatch \>150). * Simultaneous kidney and extra-renal organ transplants including pancreas, liver, heart, lung, etc. Subjects who had previous extra renal transplants may be included in the study. * Patients taking chronic anticoagulation, which includes Coumadin, Plavix and any type of heparin. Aspirin is acceptable but must be stopped 5 days prior to the renal biopsy. * An inability to have the 1-year renal biopsy performed within the acceptable protocol window (Months 11-14 \[Days 301-420\] post-transplant).