This clinical trial is being conducted to study whether eating certain snacks will reduce your desire to eat and for a longer period of time compared to other snacks. The investigators are testing 2 different snacks. Study #1 will involve eating 2 different seed-like snacks or water. Study #2 will involve eating pita bread with jam, bread with jam or water. The test snack is higher in protein and/or fibre compared to the reference product.
Healthy adults will be recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled, crossover study to investigate whether or not eating snacks made with buckwheat would increase satiety and reduce their energy intake when compared to a comparable snack. Water was included as a non-caloric control. The study consisted of 3 visits and participants would receive a different treatment at each visit. Visits were scheduled at least 7 days apart. Visual analog scales will be used to assess appetite related sensations at 7 time points, fasting, 30 minutes after consuming the snack and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes. Participants will be provided with a lunch and the amount of food consumed will be weighed. I addition, participants will be asked to maintain a food record for the remainder of the day.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
46
I. H. Asper Clinical Research Institute
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Total Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Consumption Using Visual Analog Scales (VAS)
Appetite assessment was measured using a VAS questionnaire administered pre-snack and every 30 minutes post snack up to 180 minutes, for a total of 7 time points. The questionnaire included 4 questions (1) How hungry are you? (2) How full are you? (3) How strong is your desire to eat? (4) How much do you think you want to eat right now? Each question was followed by a 10 cm line anchored at the left and right ends by the opposing statements "not at all" and "extremely" for questions 1 and 2, "very weak " and "very strong" for question 3, and "nothing at all" and "a very large amount" for question 4. Participants provided their response to each question by marking a perpendicular line on the 10-cm line to indicate their answer. Scores were determined by measuring the distance in centimeters from the left anchor to the perpendicular line drawn by the participant. VAS scores over time were graphed and AUC was calculated using the trapezoid method.
Time frame: VAS administered pre-snack and then every 30 minutes after the first bite up to 180 minutes for a total of 7 time points.
Number of Calories Consumed Post-snack Until Bedtime
Participants were provided with a food diary to record the amount and type of each food and beverage consumed for the remainder of the day. Energy consumed at lunch and the remainder of the day were quantified from food consumed at lunch and the food diary using Food Processor Nutrient Analysis Software.
Time frame: time between snack consumption and bedtime (12 hours)
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buckwheat and pinto bean flour pita bread 50g serving
50g serving of rice bread