Full Length Versus Proximal Renal Arteries Ablation

Inclusion Criteria: * office systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or more, * patients had to be on a stable drug regimen of at least 3 antihypertensive medications with no changes for 1 month before enrollment. * Despite being treated with at least three antihypertensive drugs(including one diuretic), or confirmed intolerance to medications; * ≥ 18 years old,; * did not have any known secondary cause of hypertension; * had a glomerular filtration rate estimated with the modification of diet in renal disease formula, of 45 ml/min/1.73m2 or more. Exclusion Criteria: * patients with type 1 diabetes, * implanted pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators; * pregnant women; * haemodynamically significant valvular disease; * patients with renovascular abnormalities(including mild to severe renal artery stenosis, especially caused by atherosclerosis, previous renal stenting or angioplasty, or known dual renal arteries, or diameter of renal artery identified by angiography less than 4 mm and/or length of renal artery less than 2 cm)