The overall goal of this project is to implement and test the efficacy of an enhanced comprehensive multidisciplinary early palliative care (EPC) package that includes four motivational interviewing sessions (MI) for persons diagnosed with AIDS. We posit that the innovative EPC will improve quality of life, clinical and psychosocial outcomes and advance care planning in a cost effective manner and could promote engagement and retention in HIV care. If successful, it could serve as a model of early palliative care for persons with AIDS in the US.
The overall goal of this project is to improve the health and quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). To this end, we will implement an innovative model of enhanced early integrative palliative care services (EPC) for persons diagnosed with AIDS. Patients will be recruited from either the inpatient service or outpatient infectious disease program (IDP) at the Grady Health System (GHS) in Atlanta, Georgia. The AIDS EPC Package includes use of motivational interviewing (MI) to facilitate adjustment to disease and advance care planning decision making. The project has three specific aims: Aim 1. Conduct a research clinical trial (RCT) to examine the efficacy of the AIDS EPC Package intervention vs. standard HIV care (SOC) and compare outcomes at 12 months post baseline. Our hypothesis is that those in the AIDS EPC group will have: i. Better clinical outcomes: a lower one year mortality, higher proportion who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART), higher proportion with virologic suppression, higher CD4 gain, fewer opportunistic infections (OI), fewer hospitalizations, lower depression scores, and better symptom management (including cognitive dysfunction). ii. Better psychosocial outcomes: Better coping skills, higher perceived social support, higher spirituality, higher levels of self-advocacy, lower proportion who report substance use. iii. Better Quality of Life (QOL) and a higher proportion who report advance care planning activities: named a surrogate; set personal goals regarding life saving measures; and discussed these goals with a surrogate. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Aim 2. Evaluate the cost effectiveness and cost utility of the AIDS EPC Package compared to SOC where the outcomes are valued as survival and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) respectively. Aim 3. Promote engagement and retention in HIV care as evidenced by attending a greater proportion of scheduled appointments and reporting higher satisfaction with care compared to SOC.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
121
1. Motivational Interviewing: In MI session #1, the nurse will set the agenda \& ask the participant to discuss any adjustments to the AIDS diagnosis. In sessions #2 - 4, the participant will be asked to set the agenda related to current concerns. In sessions #3 \& 4, the nurse will also introduce advance care planning. 2. EPC Package: Participants will be seen by palliative care providers, for approximately 30 minutes each, in the following order: 1) Chaplain: introduces the concept of EPC clinic \& conducts a spiritual evaluation/intervention as needed. 2) Social worker: conducts an evaluation/intervention as needed. 3) Psychologist: conducts an evaluation/intervention as needed. 4) Palliative Care Physician: conducts symptom management, medication reconciliation \& coordination of care.
The routine standard of care provider visit occurs in the following order. The vital signs are taken and the participant sees the nurse to review medications. The provider visits are scheduled for approximately 30 minutes, except for a new patient or patient with complex medical needs. The provider conducts a history to elicit symptoms, health problems, concerns, and a physical exam, then orders labs or immunizations; and referrals to subspecialty clinics. Medications are prescribed or renewed. The patient then receives a follow-up appointment, typically every 3 months for a stable patient. If the patient starts Antiretroviral therapy (ART), an appointment to the nurse educator is required. Typically, the patient will have 1- 2 visits to the nurse educator to begin medications and follow-up for side-effects.
Emory University, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Change in Quality of Life
Change in Quality of Life (QOL) as measured by the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) The MQOL has been widely used with persons with a life-threatening illness, including HIV/AIDS. It contains questions about physical wellbeing, physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, existential wellbeing and support in the past 2 days.A total score was computed.Scores range from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating better perceived quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 month post-baseline, 6 month post-baseline, 12 months post-baseline
Clinical Indicator: Change in Mortality at 12 Months Post-baseline
Number of deaths at 12 months post baseline
Time frame: Baseline, up to 12 months post- baseline
Clinical Indicator: Change in Self-report Hospitalizations
Participants completed a survey asking about hospitalizations for HIV related problems and non-HIV related health problems in the past 3 months.Results are expressed in number of participants reporting a hospital stay in the previous 3 months.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 month post-baseline, 6 month post-baseline, 12 months post-baseline
Change in Self-reported Completion of Advanced Care Planning Activities: Health Care Decision Maker
The Advanced Care Planning Questionnaire contained questions about 5 aspects of advanced care planning: 1) advanced care planning decisions made; 2) how well informed a participant feels about medical decision makers and making decisions; 3) how much a person has thought about medical decision making; 4) one's perceived confidence to make medical decisions; 5) one's readiness to make medical decisions. The results focus on decisions made regarding signing papers that name a health care decision maker (yes/no). Results are reported as the number of patients who report "yes".
Time frame: Baseline, 6 months post-baseline, and 12-months post baseline
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Change in Self-reported Completion of Advanced Care Planning Activities: Living Will
The Advanced Care Planning Questionnaire contained questions about 5 aspects of advanced care planning: 1) advanced care planning decisions made; 2) how well informed a participant feels about medical decision makers and making decisions; 3) how much a person has thought about medical decision making; 4) one's perceived confidence to make medical decisions; 5) one's readiness to make medical decisions. The results focus on decisions made regarding signing papers for either advance directives or living will (yes/no). Results are reported as the number of patients who report "yes".
Time frame: Baseline, 6 months post-baseline, and 12-months post baseline