The objective of this study is to know prevalence of clinical or subclinical target organ damages in Korea hypertensives by constructing nationwide hypertension registry. We will register 5000 consecutive patients with incident hypertension at 20 major university hospitals in South Korea. We will investigate clinical/subclinical target organ damages, renin/aldosterone level and cardiovascular events in each patient.
Background: the exact prevalence of target organ damages in Korean hypertensives are unknown. Study Objective: to investigate the prevalence of target organ damages in Korean patients with incident hypertension. Study Design: prospective, multi-center and observational study Study Populaton: approximately 5000 consecutive patients with incident hypertension, who visited outpatients clinics and agreed to participate in the registry Primary outcome * Subclinical organ damages 1. left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram or echocardiography 2. increased intima media thickness of carotid artery (\> 0.9 mm) or plaque 3. increased pulse wave velocity (\> 12 m/s) 4. low estimated glomerular filtration rate (\< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or creatinine clearance (\<60 ml/min) * Established CV or renal disease 1. cerebrovascular disease: ischemic stroke; cerebral stroke; transient ischemic attack 2. Heart disease: myocardial infarction; angina; coronary revascularization; heart failure 3. Renal disease: diabetic retinopathy; serum creatinine M \> 133, W \> 124 mmol/L; proteinuria \> 300 mg/24 hr 4. Peripheral artery disease 5. Advanced retinopathy: hemorrhage or exudates, papilledema
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
3,000
Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital,
Hwaseong, Gyeonggido, South Korea
left ventricular hypertrophy
left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram or echocardiography Sokolow-Lyon \> 38 mm; left ventricular mass index male \>= 125 g/m2, female \>=110 g/m2)
Time frame: at enrollment
Intima media thickness of carotid artery
increased intima media thickness of carotid artery (\> 0.9 mm) or presence of plaque
Time frame: at enrollment
pulse wave velocity
increased pulse wave velocity (\> 12 m/s)
Time frame: at enrollment
kidney function
low estimated glomerular filtration rate (\< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or creatinine clearance (\< 60 ml/min)
Time frame: at enrollment
cerebrovascular accident
ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or transient ischemic attack confirmed by a neurologist
Time frame: at enrollment
renal disease
serum creatinine male \> 1.5 mg/dl, female \> 1.4 mg/dl; proteinuria \> 300 mg/24hr
Time frame: at enrollment
peripheral artery disease
ankle to brachial blood pressure ratio \< 0.9
Time frame: at enrollment
retinopathy
retinal hemorrhage or exudate, papilledema confirmed by an ophthalmologist
Time frame: at enrollment
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Hypertension
high blood pressure confirmed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24hr average systolic blood pressure \>=135 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure \>= 85 mm Hg
Time frame: at enrollment
Dyslipidemia
total cholesterol 190 mg/dl or LDL \> 115 mg/dl, HDL male \< 40 mg/dl, female \< 46 mg/dl or triglyceride \> 150 mg/dl
Time frame: at enrollment
abnormal fasting plasma glucose
abnormal fasting plasma glucose (102-125 mg/dl)
Time frame: at enrollment
abdominal obesity
waist circumference male \> 102 cm, female \> 88 cm
Time frame: at enrollment
diabetes mellitus
fasting plasma glucose \>= 126 mg/dl; postload plasma glucose \> 198 mg/dl
Time frame: at enrollment