This is a prospective, single arm phase IIa trial in which patients with early breast cancer will receive pre-operatively two doses of denosumab 120mg subcutaneously one week apart (maximum 12 days) followed by surgery. Tumor, normal breast tissue and blood samples will be collected at baseline and at surgery. Post-operative treatment will be at the discretion of the investigator. Primary objective: to determine if a short course of RANKL inhibition with denosumab can induce a decrease in tumor proliferation rates as determined by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in newly diagnosed, early stage breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. Secondary objectives: * To determine the number of absolute Ki67 responders after a short course of denosumab (defined as \<2.7% IHC staining in the post treatment tumor biopsy). * To determine the effects of a short course of denosumab on serum C-terminal telopeptide levels (CTX). * To determine the effects of a short course of denosumab on RANK/RANKL gene expression and signaling as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing in the tumor. * To determine the effect of a short course of denosumab on tumor apoptosis rates using IHC * To determine the effect of a short course of denosumab on modulating the immature mammary epithelial cell populations in the tumor. * To determine the effect of a short course of denosumab on estrogen signaling pathways in the tumor. * To determine the effect of a short course of denosumab on various immune * To determine effect of safety profile of denosumab
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
27
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Victoria, Australia
Institute Jules Bordet
Brussels, Belgium
Hopital Erasme
Brussels, Belgium
UZ Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
CHU Ambroise Paré
Mons, Belgium
CMSE
Namur, Belgium
Geometric mean change in tumor Ki67 expression
Assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
Absolute Ki67 responders
KI 67 responders will be defined as below 2.7% Ki67 IHC staining in the post treatment tumor biopsy
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) serum levels
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
RANK/RANKL gene expression and signalling
Assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing profile in the tumor
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
gene expression (AURKA, Ki-67,GGI)
Change in tumor proliferation rates using gene expression (single genes and gene modules, i.e. AURKA, Ki-67) and proliferation-related gene modules, i.e. GGI) in the tumor from baseline to prior to surgery
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
TUNEL and caspase-3 apoptosis markers
Change in tumor apoptosis rates as measured using TUNEL and caspase-3 IHC from baseline to prior to surgery
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
expression of immature mammary epithelial cell population: MaSCs, luminal progenitors , ALDH1
Change in expression levels from genes corresponding to immature mammary epithelial cell populations (MaSCs and luminal progenitors developed by Lim et al; Nature 2009), and in IHC expression of ALDH1, a stem cell marker in the tumor
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
gene expression of the estrogen pathways (i.e. ESR1, PgR, BCL2) and estrogen-related gene expression modules (i.e. ESR module)
Change in expression levels from single genes related to the estrogen pathways (i.e. ESR1, PgR, BCL2 using both gene expression and IHC) and estrogen-related gene expression modules (i.e. ESR module) in the tumor
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
immune related genes
Change in expression levels from single genes related to immune pathways using both gene expression and IHC, and in immune-related gene expression modules, to explore the hypothesis that RANKL can modulate T regulatory cells in the tumor
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
Quantity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Change in the quantity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as measured by percentage infiltration of surrounding tumor stroma and intra-tumoral on the H\&E slide pre and post treatment
Time frame: Baseline and surgery at Day 10
Safety and tolerability of a short course of denosumab
Time frame: Day 1, day 8 and surgery Day 10
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