This randomized phase III trial studies rituximab with bendamustine hydrochloride or ibrutinib to see how well they work compared to ibrutinib alone in treating older patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that may interfere with the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. A monoclonal antibody is a type of protein that can bind to certain targets in the body, such as molecules that cause the body to make an immune response (antigens). Chemotherapy drugs, such as bendamustine hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Ibrutinib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether rituximab with bendamustine hydrochloride may work better than rituximab and ibrutinib or ibrutinib alone in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine whether progression free survival (PFS) is superior after therapy with bendamustine hydrochloride (bendamustine) in combination with rituximab, ibrutinib alone, or ibrutinib in combination with rituximab in patients age 65 or older with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine 2-year PFS in each of the three treatment arms. II. To determine which treatment arm produces superior overall survival (OS). III. To determine the complete response (CR) rate, complete and nodular partial response (CR/nPR) rate, and overall response (PR+nPR+CR) rate (ORR) among the three treatment arms and compare these arms. IV. To determine the impact of minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative disease at time of CR documentation and at 2 years on PFS and OS in each of the treatment arms. V. To determine duration of response after each of the three treatments and compare these treatment arms. VI. To determine toxicity and tolerability of the three treatment regimens. VII. To determine response and PFS of patients initially on the bendamustine in combination with rituximab arm who cross over to ibrutinib. OTHER PRE-SPECIFIED OBJECTIVES: I. To determine whether baseline cytogenetic markers, Zap-70 methylation, IgVH mutational status, or select deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutations predict outcomes or time to response in these three arms. II. To determine whether local fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results for del(11q22.3) and del(17p13.1) are consistent with central analysis. III. To determine whether baseline micro ribonucleic acid (RNA) and gene expression markers are correlated with clinical outcomes of interest (e.g. progression-free and alive at 2 years versus not), as well as to explore changes in microRNA expression from baseline to post-treatment time points, with a focus on those with persistent lymphocytosis and relapse. IV. To determine whether eradication of MRD predicts longer duration of response with standard therapy and ibrutinib-based regimens. V. To describe the baseline functional status, comorbid medical conditions, and number of medications of older CLL patients who meet criteria for therapy. VI. To determine how functional status changes with therapy using baseline to 3-month evaluation and end-of-study/2-year evaluation; to determine whether this change is different among the treatment groups. VII. To determine whether geriatric assessment variables known to be associated with chemotherapy toxicity in other disease groups can also predict therapy-associated toxicity in the CLL population. VIII. To assess whether the FCGR3A polymorphism (rs396991) is correlated with depth of response (MRD status) to ibrutinib plus rituximab after 6 cycles, with secondary endpoints CR rate, rapidity of response, and progression-free survival (PFS). IX. To assess whether C1QA polymorphism (rs172378) is correlated with MRD status, CR rate, rapidity of response, and PFS. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms. ARM I: Patients receive rituximab intravenously (IV) on day 1 (day 0 course 1) and bendamustine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1-2. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients experiencing disease progression may crossover to Arm II. ARM II: Patients receive ibrutinib orally (PO) daily on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM III: Patients receive ibrutinib as in Arm II. Patients receive rituximab IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of course 2 and on day 1 of courses 3-6. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, patients undergo bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, blood sample collection, and computed tomography (CT) throughout the study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 6 months for up to 10 years.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
547
Given IV
Undergo blood sample collection
Undergo bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Undergo bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Undergo CT
Given PO
Correlative studies
Ancillary studies
Given IV
University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Alaska Oncology and Hematology LLC
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Alaska Regional Hospital
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Progression Free Survival (PFS)
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the progression free survival distributions for each arm, with median estimates provided. Progression is defined as any one of the following: an increase in number of blood lymphocytes by \>= 50% with \>= 5000 B lymphocytes/mL in patients on Arm A or those on Arms 2 or 3 no longer receiving ibrutinib, \>= 50% increase in the products of at least 2 lymph nodes on 2 consecutive determination 2 weeks apart, \>= 50% increase in the size of the liver/spleen, transformation to a more aggressive histology, progression of any cytopenia (i.e. decrease of Hb levels \> 2g/dL). Progression free survival time will be the time to either progression or death whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Time from study entry to the time of documented disease progression or death. The analysis was event driven, performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled;up to 4 years.
Progression Free Survival (PFS) Rate at 2 Years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the rate of progression free survival at 2 years in each treatment arm. Progression is defined as any one of the following: an increase in number of blood lymphocytes by \>= 50%, \>= 50% increase in the products of at least 2 lymph nodes on 2 consecutive determination 2 weeks apart, \>= 50% increase in the size of the liver/spleen, transformation to a more aggressive histology, progression of any cytopenia (i.e. decrease of Hb levels \> 2g/dL). Progression free survival time will be the time to either progression or death whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Time from study entry to the time of documented disease progression or death, assessed up to 2 years
Overall Survival (OS) at 2 Years
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate the rate of overall survival at 2 years in each treatment arm. OS will be measured from the date of registration to the date of the event (i.e., death) or the date of last follow-up to evaluate that event. Patients who are event-free at their last follow-up evaluation will be censored at that time point.
Time frame: From the date of registration to the date of death, assessed up to 2 years
Duration of Response (DOR) (Complete Response [CR], CCR, Nodular Partial Response [nPR], Partial Response [PR], and PRL)
The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to estimate median DOR. DOR is the time from first objective status to progression or death. CR requires all of the following: absence of lymphadenopathy \> 1.5 cm on physical exam/CT scan, no hepatomegaly/splenomegaly on physical exam, no clonal B-cells in the blood, Normal CBC, bone marrow aspirate \& biopsy must be normocellular for age. PR requires \>= 50% decrease in peripheral lymphocyte count from pre-treatment value, \>= 50% reduction in lymphadenopathy, and/or ≥ 50% reduction in splenomegaly/hepatomegaly. CR with exception of having bone marrow lymphoid CLL nodules will be considered a nodular PR (nPR). CR with exception of not having a bone marrow biopsy performed will be considered a clinical CR (CCR). PR with the exception of having less than a 50% reduction in peripheral lymphocyte count will be considered a PR except persistent lymphocytosis (PRL).
Time frame: From the date of first response until progression or death, performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled; up to 4 years.
Percentage of Patients Achieving Any Response to Treatment (Overall Response Rate [ORR] [Complete Response [CR], CCR, Nodular Partial Response [nPR], Partial Response [PR], and PRL])
Complete response (CR) requires all of the following: absence of lymphadenopathy \>1.5 cm on physical exam/CT scan, no hepatomegaly/splenomegaly on physical exam, no clonal B-cells in the blood, Normal CBC, bone marrow aspirate \& biopsy must be normocellular for age. Partial response (PR) requires \>= 50% decrease in peripheral lymphocyte count from pre-treatment value, \>= 50% reduction in lymphadenopathy, and/or ≥ 50% reduction in splenomegaly/hepatomegaly. CR with exception of having bone marrow lymphoid CLL nodules will be considered a nodular PR (nPR). CR with exception of not having a bone marrow biopsy performed will be considered a clinical CR (CCR). PR with the exception of having less than a 50% reduction in peripheral lymphocyte count will be considered a PR except persistent lymphocytosis (PRL).Overall response rate and corresponding exact binomial 95% CI provided.
Time frame: Performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled;up to 4 years.
Percentage of Patients Achieving a Biopsy-proven Complete Response (CR)
Complete response (CR) requires all of the following: absence of lymphadenopathy \> 1.5 cm on physical exam/CT scan, no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly on physical exam, no clonal B-cells in the blood, Normal CBC, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy must be normocellular for age. Complete response rate and corresponding exact binomial 95% confidence intervals provided.
Time frame: Performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled; up to 4 years.
Percentage of Patients Achieving Complete (CR and CCR) or Nodular Partial Response (nPR)
Complete response (CR) requires all of the following: absence of lymphadenopathy \> 1.5 cm on physical exam/CT scan, no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly on physical exam, no clonal B-cells in the blood, Normal CBC, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy must be normocellular for age. CR with exception of having bone marrow lymphoid CLL nodules will be considered a nodular PR (nPR). CR with exception of not having a bone marrow biopsy performed will be considered a clinical CR (CCR). Response rate and corresponding exact binomial 95% confidence intervals provided.
Time frame: Performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled; up to 4 years.
Percentage of Patients Who Attain Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Negative Status
Estimated using the number of patients who achieve minimal residual disease divided by the total number randomized to that treatment arm. Corresponding exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for MRD rates will be calculated.
Time frame: Cycle 9 Day 1 Evaluation
The Rate of Grade 3, 4, or 5 Treatment-related Non-hematologic Adverse Events (Toxicities)
The rate of grade 3, 4, or 5 treatment-related non-hematologic adverse events (toxicities) by arm; excludes adverse events occurring post-crossover for patients in Arm A
Time frame: Performed at 2.5 years after the last patient enrolled; up to 4 years.
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