Identifying Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Inclusion Criteria: PD Subjects: 1. Able and willing to sign the consent form at time of initial enrollment or if the subject is decisionally impaired and has a legal representative that is able and willing to sign a consent form at the time of the enrollment. If the subject becomes decisionally impaired during the course of the study, their legal representative may sign an addendum to consent for continued participation. 2. MMSE score of 15 or greater unless a legal representative is present. 3. Idiopathic PD according to published criteria. 4. History of adequate response to dopaminergic therapy. 5. History of asymmetrical symptom onset MSA Subjects: 1. Older than 30 yrs. 2. Able and willing to sign the consent form at time of initial enrollment or if the subject is decisionally impaired and has a legal representative that is able and willing to sign a consent form at the time of the enrollment. If the subject becomes decisionally impaired during the course of the study, their legal representative may sign an addendum to consent for continued participation. 3. MMSE score of 15 or greater unless a legal representative is present. 4. MSA according to published criteria. 5. History of autonomic \& urinary dysfunction and/or severe cerebellar ataxia. PSP Subjects: 1. Older than 40 yrs. 2. Able and willing to sign the consent form at time of initial enrollment or if the subject is decisionally impaired and has a legal representative that is able and willing to sign a consent form at the time of the enrollment. If the subject becomes decisionally impaired during the course of the study, their legal representative may sign an addendum to consent for continued participation. 3. PSP according to published criteria. 4. Vertical gaze palsy and/or slow vertical gaze/postural instability during first year of diagnosis. 5. MMSE score of 15 or greater unless a legal representative is present Controls: 1. Older than 21 yrs. 2. Able and willing to sign the consent form. 3. MMSE greater than 24. Exclusion Criteria: PD Subjects: 1. Unable or does not have a legal representative/unwilling to provide consent. 2. Any condition that precludes a routine MRI (e.g., claustrophobia, pacemaker, severe scoliosis, etc.). 3. History of cerebrovascular diseases or other neurological disorders. 4. Major medical problems such as renal or liver failure. 5. Unstable, non-PD-related medical conditions. 6. MMSE score less than 15 unless a legal representative is present 7. Use of anticoagulant medications. 8. Signs of dementia. MSA Subjects: 1. Unable or does not have a legal representative /unwilling to provide consent. 2. Any condition that precludes a routine MRI (e.g., claustrophobia, pacemaker, severe scoliosis, etc.). 3. History of cerebrovascular diseases or other neurological disorders. 4. Major medical problems such as renal or liver failure. 5. Unstable, non-MSA-related medical conditions. 6. MMSE score less than 15 unless a legal representative is present 7. Use of anticoagulant medications. 8. Signs of dementia. PSP Subjects: 1. Unable or does not have a legal representative /unwilling to provide consent. 2. Any condition that precludes a routine MRI (e.g., claustrophobia, pacemaker, severe scoliosis, etc.). 3. History of cerebrovascular diseases or other neurological disorders. 4. Major medical problems such as renal or liver failure. 5. Unstable, non-PSP-related medical conditions. 6. MMSE score less than 15 unless a legal representative is present 7. Use of anticoagulant medications. 8. Signs of dementia. Controls: 1. Unable/unwilling to provide consent. 2. Evidence of severe memory impairment or signs of dementia (MMSE \< 24). 3. Any condition that precludes a routine MRI (e.g., claustrophobia, pacemaker, severe scoliosis, etc.). 4. History of cerebrovascular diseases or other neurological disorders. 5. Major medical problems such as renal or liver failure. 6. Unstable medical conditions. 7. Use of anticoagulant medications. 8. Signs of dementia.