Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients age 18-80 yrs; 2. American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status I, II or III; and 3. Patients undergoing thoracic or lumbosacral spine surgeries with or without instrumentation via the posterior approach with planned admission to the post anesthesia care unit after surgery- Exclusion Criteria: 1. Allergy to any of the study medications or anesthetic agents used in the study; 2. American Society of Anesthesiology physical status IV; 3. Spine surgery with the expected duration of surgery being more than 4 hours as determined by the attending surgeon; 4. History of severe hepatic dysfunction with liver enzymes elevated to more than 3 times the normal or International normalized ratio of more than 2 and renal dysfunction with GFR less than 60 ml/min 5. History of previous spinal fusion or instrumentation; 6. Diagnosis of cancer of the spine; 7. History of surgery for abscess or osteomyelitis; 8. History of cardiac dysrhythmia or heart block; 9. History of chronic heroin or methadone use; 10. Preoperative use of any systemic corticosteroid; 11. History of seizure disorder; and 12. Patient inability to properly describe postoperative pain to investigators (dementia, delirium, psychiatric disorder).