Metabolic Clock Genes During Fasting and After Food Intake in Type 2 Diabetics

Inclusion Criteria: INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES 1. Type 2 diabetic patients 2. HbA1C \> 6.5% 3. Duration of diabetes: 0.5 to 30 years 4. Subjects ≥ 26 and ≤ 65 years of age 5. BMI: \> 26 kg/m2 6. All oral antidiabetic treatments and will be allowed, not insulin treatment 7. Normal liver and kidney function 8. Normal thyroid function 9. Stable physical activity pattern during the three months immediately preceding study 10. No metabolic disease other than diabetes 11. Usually wakes up between 06:00 and 07:00 and goes to sleep between 22:00 and 24:00. 12. Normal TSH and FT4 levels 13. No shift work within 5 years of the study 14. Did not cross time zones within 1 month of the study 15. Acceptable health beside diabetes based on interview, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests 16. Read and understood the informed consent form and signed it voluntarily INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR HEALTHY NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS 1. Healthy non diabetic, and not known as diabetic 2. Fating glucose \<100 mg/dl 3. HbA1C \<5.7 % 4. Not taking any antidiabetic drugs 5. Subjects ≥ 26 and ≤ 65 years of age 6. BMI: \<26 kg/m2 7. Normal liver and kidney function 8. Normal TSH and FT4 levels 9. Usually wakes up between 06:00 and 07:00 and goes to sleep between 22:00 and 24:00. 10. No shift work within 5 years of the study 11. Did not cross time zones within 1 month of the study 12. Acceptable health based on interview, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests 13. Read and understood the informed consent form and signed it voluntarily Exclusion Criteria: EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ALL 2 GROUPS (HEALTHY AND DIABETICS) 1. Clinically significant pulmonary, cardiac, renal, hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric, infectious, malignant disease 2. Type 1 diabetes 3. Treatment with Insulin 4. Serum creatinin level \> 1.5 mg/dl 5. Pregnancy or lactation 6. Illicit drug abuse or alcoholism 7. Subjects taking anoretic drugs during the month immediately prior to study 8. Subjects on steroid treatment 9. Subjects known by the principal investigator to be unable to cooperate for any reason. 10. Abnormal liver function tests defined as an increase by a factor of at least 2 above the upper normal limit of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 11. Night or rotating shift work 12. Jet lag during the 2 week period immediately prior to study onset