The purpose of this study is to measure energy intake and energy expenditure during and after pregnancy. The investigators hypothesize that obese pregnant women with weight gain above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, 'High Gainers', will have increased energy intake but no evidence for changes in energy expenditure after adjustment for the weight gained when compared to women with appropriate gestational weight gain, 'Normal Gainers'. Additionally, the investigators will measure the babies born to the pregnant women enrolled in MomEE at one time point before 10 days of life.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
72
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Energy Intake
Energy intake is determined using the energy intake-balance method. Energy intake was calculated as the sum of energy expenditure by doubly labeled water and energy deposition of fat and fat-free tissues by 3 compartment model using plethysmography and isotope dilution.
Time frame: Approximately 6 months (from 13-16 weeks gestation to 35-37 weeks gestation)
Physical Activity
Physical activity is determined using daily mean amplitude deviation in milligrams by wrist worn accelerometer over a period of approximately 7 days within early pregnancy (13-16 weeks gestation). Mean amplitude deviation describes the mean distance of data points from the mean, and higher values denote higher levels of physical activity.
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 13-16 weeks gestation
Physical Activity
Physical activity is determined using daily mean amplitude deviation in milligrams by wrist worn accelerometer over a period of approximately 7 days within late pregnancy (35-37 weeks gestation). Mean amplitude deviation describes the mean distance of data points from the mean, and higher values denote higher levels of physical activity.
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 35-37 weeks gestation
Energy Expenditure During Sleep
Energy expenditure during sleep is determined by 1 overnight stay in a whole body calorimeter within early pregnancy (13-16 weeks gestation).
Time frame: 1 day within 13-16 weeks gestation
Energy Expenditure During Sleep
Energy expenditure during sleep is determined by 1 overnight stay in a whole body calorimeter within late pregnancy (35-37 weeks gestation).
Time frame: 1 day within 35-37 weeks gestation
Percentage of Protein of Energy Intake
Percentage of protein of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within early pregnancy (13-16 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 13-16 weeks gestation
Percentage of Protein of Energy Intake
Percentage of protein of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within late pregnancy (35-37 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 35-37 weeks gestation
Percentage of Fat of Energy Intake
Percentage of fat of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within early pregnancy (13-16 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 13-16 weeks gestation
Percentage of Fat of Energy Intake
Percentage of fat of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within late pregnancy (35-37 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 35-37 weeks gestation
Percentage of Carbohydrate of Energy Intake
Percentage of carbohydrate of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within early pregnancy (13-16 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 13-16 weeks gestation
Percentage of Carbohydrate of Energy Intake
Percentage of carbohydrate of energy intake is determined by remote food photography method within late pregnancy (35-37 weeks gestation).
Time frame: Approximately 7 days within 35-37 weeks gestation
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