Registry Study of Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis in China

Inclusion Criteria: 18\~80 years old; Primary or recurrent symptomatic intracranial arteriostenosis ineffective through the internal medicine treatment (i.e. stroke or TIA within 90 days during the treatment with at least one anti-thrombotic drugs and vascular risk factor intervention (e.g. hypotensors for hypertension and hypolipidemics for hyperlipidemia); * 70% stenosis of intracranial responsible angiopathic area under the DSA angiography (as judged through the WASID method); * 2mm diameter and \<15mm length of ill blood vessel, but normal distal blood vessel Poor blood circulation in the side branch of responsible angiopathic area under the radiography within one week before the operation: Blood flow rate peak of ≥200cm/s at the systolic phase under the transcranial doppler ultrasonic examination (TCD); and Low perfusion in the responsible angiopathic area under the skull perfusion CT (i.e. at a decrease of more than 30% over the perfusion at the opposite side); or \<4 scores of blood circulation in the side branch under the DSA; or Hemodynamic ischemic foci under the skull MRI; or Poor blood circulation in the side branch of responsible angiopathic area under the single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) Exclusion Criteria: * \>50% stenosis beyond the responsible intracranial artery Acute ischemic stroke within 3 weeks Obstruction of bypass branch of ill simple carrier artery under the skull MRI Non-atherosclerotic lesion: MoyaMoya disease, any known vascular inflammatory disease, herpes zoster, angiopathy caused by the chicken-pox, herpes zoster or other viruses, neurosyphilis, other intracranial infections, radioactive angiopathy, maldevelopment of fibrous muscle, sickle-cell anemia, neurofibroma, benign angiopathy of central nervous system, postpartum angiopathy, suspicious vasospasm, and recanalization of suspicious thrombosis Intracranial hemorrhage in the angiopathic area within 6 weeks; Potential source for cardiac embolism Concomitant intracranial tumor, aneurysm or intracranial arteriovenous malformation \>50% stenosis of extracranial carotid or vertebral artery at the same side as intracranial angiopathic area; Known contraindications for heparin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, anesthetics and contrast medium; hemoglobin \<10g/dl, and blood platelet count \<100000 Serious neural dysfunction due to the responsible angiopathy as the sequel of cerebral infarction (mRS≥3) International normalization ratio (INR) \>1.5 (irreversible), uncorrectable hemorrhagic factor; life expectancy due to the illness \<1 year Pregnant/lactating women Inapplicable for intravascular treatment in the viewpoints of investigators