Fecal Microbiota Therapy for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Colitis

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients \> 18 years of age 2. The patient has been treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy for CDI. 3. The patient has documented relapse/recurrence of infection as demonstrated by positive stool culture, or cytotoxin assay, or PCR toxin assay. 4. Since this study does not involve treatments that have potential teratogenicity, and in general avoidance of antimicrobial treatment during pregnancy is advised (metronidazole is pregnancy category C), women of child-bearing age may be included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: \- Patients will be excluded from study participation if one of the following categories of exclusion criteria applies: 1. Patient is \< 18 years of age 2. Patient has an absolute neutrophil count \< 750 cells/mm3. Stool donors must: 1. be \> 18 years of age 2. Complete a screening questionnaire: a. One-time donors: Table 1 b. Designated, pre-screened donors: Table 2 3. Be tested for communicable blood-borne and enteric pathogens: 1. One-time donors: Table 3 2. Designated, pre-screened donors: Table 4 Table 1: Questionnaire to screen one-time stool donors prior to FMT. You have been identified as a potential stool donor by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ , your (spouse/ son/ daughter/ mother/ father/ life partner), who has been referred for fecal transplantation. Prior to performing the transplantation procedure, the OSF/Saint Francis Medical Center Infection Control Committee requires completion of a screening questionnaire by all potential stool donors: Your name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_/\_\_\_/ 2013 Your relationship to the patient: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ YES / NO 1. Have you ever been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile colitis? 2. Are you currently taking antibiotic medications? 3. Have you been prescribed antibiotics in the past six weeks? IF the potential stool donor answers YES to questions 1, 2, or 3 - please STOP. Do you have a history of any of the following: (Please Circle) Hepatitis A YES / NO Hemophilia YES / NO Hemodialysis treatment YES / NO Rejected or refused blood donation YES / NO HIV/AIDS YES / NO Hepatitis B YES / NO Hepatitis C YES / NO Use of intravenous drugs or medications YES / NO Incarceration YES / NO Abnormal blood tests of liver enzymes YES / NO Accepting money or drugs in exchange for sex YES / NO Receipt of a blood transfusion between 1977 - 1992 YES / NO Infectious gastroenteritis or diarrhea YES / NO Did you answer YES to any of the above? YES / NO Table 2: Questionnaire to screen designated stool donors prior to each FMT. You have been identified as a potential stool donor for a patient who has been referred to Saint Francis Medical Center for fecal transplantation. Prior to performing the transplantation procedure, the OSF/Saint Francis Medical Center Infection Control Committee requires completion of a screening questionnaire by all potential stool donors: Your name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Date: \_\_\_/\_\_\_/ 2013 Your relationship to the patient: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ YES / NO 1\. Have you ever been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile colitis? 4\. Are you currently taking antibiotic medications? 5\. Have you been prescribed antibiotics in the past six weeks? IF the potential stool donor answers YES to questions 1, 2, or 3 - please STOP. Do you have a history of any of the following: (Please Circle) Hepatitis A YES / NO Hemophilia YES / NO Hemodialysis treatment YES / NO Rejected or refused blood donation YES / NO HIV/AIDS YES / NO Hepatitis B YES / NO Hepatitis C YES / NO Use of intravenous drugs or medications YES / NO Incarceration YES / NO Abnormal blood tests of liver enzymes YES / NO Accepting money or drugs in exchange for sex YES / NO Receipt of a blood transfusion between 1977 - 1992 YES / NO Infectious gastroenteritis or diarrhea YES / NO Did you answer YES to any of the above? YES / NO Table 3: Required stool donor screening laboratory studies prior to FMT Stool: Giardia \& Cryptosporidium stool antigen testing Stool ova \& parasite testing Cultures for Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli O157:H7 Clostridium difficile toxin B PCR assay Blood: HIV 1\&2 Ab/Ag HAV IgM Ab HBV core Ab \& Ag HCV Ab HTLV-1 Ab Table 4: Laboratory studies every 120 days for designated stool donors Stool: Giardia \& Cryptosporidium stool antigen testing Stool ova \& parasite testing Cultures for Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli O157:H7 Clostridium difficile toxin B PCR assay Blood: HIV 1\&2 Ab/Ag HAV IgM Ab HBV core Ab \& Ag HCV Ab HTLV-1 Ab