Allogeneic Islet Transplantation for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with type 1 diabetes * 18 \<Age \<55 years * Plasma C-peptide \<0.2 ng/ml basal and stimulated glucagon * Evolution of diabetes for more than 5 years * Regular patient follow-up (\> or equal to 2 visits per year from the same diabetologist) * Patient who received the information and have given their consent in writing * Absence of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, HTLV-1-2 * ABO compatibility with the donor * Cross match negative * Anti-HLA antibodies (class I and / or class II) detected by lymphocytotoxicity \<20% * PCR negative for the BK virus in the blood (so as not to amplify the BK virus replication with the ATG). * Accepting patients effective contraception during the study period For patients in group IA * Glomerular filtration rate estimated by the MDRD\> 50 ml/min/1.73m2 * No perception of hypoglycaemia (less than 0.54 mg/dl glucose) at least one value documented in the two years preceding and/or * Occurrence of at least one severe hypoglycemic episode (with a third required) and unexplained in the two years before and/or at least two episodes of ketoacidosis per year * Average HbA1c\> 8.5% over two years, despite intensified treatment (basal pattern, bolus) • For patients in the IAK * functional renal graft for at least 1 year * glomerular filtration rate\> 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 * proteinuria \<0.5 g/day * Absence of acute rejection in renal previous 6 months Exclusion Criteria: * BMI \> 28 * Need insulin \> 1 U/kg per day * Pregnancy, lactation * Intention of childbearing for the two sexes * Psychiatric Disorders * Inability to communicate or cooperate with the investigator * Lack of therapeutic compliance, including HbA1C \> 12% * Chronic liver disease * Progressive heart disease myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to inclusion, unbalanced CHD) * Proliferative retinopathy unstabilized * History of cancer, whatever the date, except for basal or squamous cell skin cancers over 1 year. * Systemic infection * Chronic high risk of requiring corticosteroids * Need for long-term corticosteroid, outside that specified in renal transplantation, the patients will be weaned before transplantation * Anticoagulant vitamin K or antiplatelet treatments * Disorders of hemostasis TP \<60 % TCA \> 1.5 times the control * Anti-HLA antibodies ( class I and/or class II ) detected by lymphocytotoxicity \> 20% * Platelets \< 100 giga/L and/or neutrophils \<1.5 giga/L * Chronic intoxication by alcohol, tobacco, or other substance (abstinence \> 6 months required) * Active infection by hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV, HTLV-1-HTLV2 * Ascites