This study will use linear 2D ultrasound imaging to look at the brain of individuals diagnosed with autism and their siblings. This is called transcranial ultrasound (TUS). It is hypothesized that TUS will allow real-time imaging of the fluid spaces outside the brain and will further allow the imagining of brain areas important to language and social function.
TUS will be evaluated as a simple and low cost screening technique to evaluate the presence of increased extra-axial fluid (EAF)or(subarachnoid cerebral spinal fluid). A recent study (Shen et al. 2013) demonstrated increased EAF was predictive of risk of autism. We believe TUS is capable or rapid, safe, low cost, non-invasive measurement of EAF spaces. Where prior imaging, ie., MRI or CT exist they will be used as comparisons. Both individuals with autism and their siblings will be screened to create a database and standard for TUS measurements. It is further believed that TUS may be able to detect areas of cortical abnormalities called dysplasias. The procedure requires no sedation and only takes a few minutes to perform. If validated, this would make TUS an ideal screening test for autism risk and allow for early referral and more definitive imaging with MRI where necessary.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Brain Treatment Center
Newport Beach, California, United States
Brain Treatment Center
Buford, Georgia, United States
Extra-axial fluid as measured at the gyral summit.
TUS is performed with linear 2D acoustical outputs in the 10-5MHz range. These are typical for TUS investigations with doppler and the only difference is the linear output of the probe.
Time frame: This study will collect data for up to 3 years to determine the accuracy of the predictive assessments for autism risk
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