Umbilical Cord Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inclusion Criteria: * Signed inform consent by the subject. * Age older than 18 years and ability to understand the planned treatment. * Patients of either gender with RA with a duration of 6 months to 20 years defined as the presence of at least three of the following criteria: 3 or more painful, 2 or more swollen joints, morning stiffness for at least 45 minutes (on average during the week prior to entry), and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of at least 28 mm. * Non-responsive to at least one course of one DMARD selected from the group comprising of: gold salts, leflunomide, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine. * Second-line agents are discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to entry. * Able to tolerate ALL study procedures * Able to give informed Consent * Negative for HcG with a serum pregnancy test * Hematocrit ≥ 28.0%, White Blood Cell count ≤ 14,000, Platelet count ≥ 50,000, * Life expectancy of 6 months or more in the opinion of the investigator * Serum bilirubin, ALT, AST up to 2.5 time the upper level of normal. * Controlled blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≤140 and a diastolic blood pressure of ≤90 mmHG) and established anti-hypertensive therapy as necessary prior to entry into the study * Patient has received stable, standard medical therapy for at least one month with no new medications to treat the disease introduced in the last month. * Pre-existing condition (e.g. thromboembolic risk, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia) are adequately controlled in the opinion of the investigator * Fertile patients (male and female) must agree to use an appropriate form of contraception while participating in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Female who is pregnant or nursing, or of child-bearing potential and is not using a reliable birth control method, or who intend to become pregnant during the tenure of this study. * History of prior radiation exposure for oncological treatment. * History of Bone Marrow Disorder (especially NHL, MDS) * History of abnormal bleeding or clotting. * History of Liver Cirrhosis. * End stage renal disease (Creatinine ≤ 3.0 mg / dl) and/or dialysis * Active clinical infection being treated by antibiotics before one week enrollment * Inability or unwillingness to comply with the treatment protocol, follow-up, research tests, or give consent. * History of life-threatening arrhythmias, except if an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) is implanted * Life expectancy \<6 months due to concomitant illnesses * Known cancer and undergoing treatment; chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy * Patients receiving treatment with hematopoietic growth factors (e.g., EPO, G-CSF) * Patients who can not stop anticoagulation therapy (warfarin) 72hrs prior to infusion * Patients who can not stop anti-platelet therapy (clopidogrel) 7 days prior infusion * Prior admission for substance abuse * Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 kg/m2 or greater * Patient receiving experimental medication or participating in another clinical study within 30 days of signing the informed consent * In the opinion of the investigator or the sponsor, the patient is unsuitable for cellular therapy