High-protein meals have previously been shown to acutely reduce appetite and energy intake. More recently, meals higher in calcium have also been shown to increase feelings of fullness, circulating insulin and intestinal peptide concentrations and reduce appetite sensations. This study aims to assess whether calcium and protein act synergistically to acutely influence appetite and energy intake.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
20
Milk-Protein
Soluble calcium powder.
Oats and water.
Northumbria University
Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
Energy Intake
Energy intake will be assessed by ad libitum consumption of a homogenous pasta meal, 1 h after the test-meal.
Time frame: 60 min post test-meal
Subjective appetite sensations
Subjective appetite sensations (hunger, satisfaction, prospective consumption and fullness) will be assessed by visual analogue scales at baseline, and every 15 min following test-meal consumption.
Time frame: 1 hr
Insulin concentrations
Plasma insulin concentrations will be determined at baseline and every 15 min following test-meal consumption.
Time frame: 1 hr
GLP-1 (7-36) concentrations
Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36) concentrations will be determined at baseline and every 15 min following consumption of the test meal.
Time frame: 1 hr
GIP concentration
Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations will be determined at baseline and evert 15 min following test-meal consumption.
Time frame: 1 hr
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