Influence of Coffee Intake on Postoperative Bowel Function After Comprehensive Staging Surgery for Gynecological Malignancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients preparing for complete surgical staging for malignant gynecologic disease such as endometrial cancer, cervix cancer and ovarian cancerwere assessed for eligibility. Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria for the study * included thyroid diseases, * inflammatory bowel disease, * complaints of chronic constipation (defined as two or fewer bowel movements per week), * a history of prior abdominal bowel surgery, abdominal radiation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, * need for intensive care more that 24 hpostoperatively, * nasogastric tube drainage beyond the first postoperative morning, * bowel anastomosis and upper abdominalmultivisceral surgical approaches in relation to the debulking surgery.