In this prospective double-blinded study, The investigators compared acute postoperative pain and rescue analgesic demand during postoperative period after robot thyroidectomy between ketamine and placebo groups.
Robot-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy has been popularized due to cosmetic advantages. Despite small incisions, robot thyroidectomy did not offer satisfactory reduction in postoperative pain compared to open thyroidectomy. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker and takes some attractive advantages in terms of pain control. When low dose ketamine is perioperatively administrated, opioid sparing effect during postoperative period is reported in various surgical procedures such as spine, thoracic, and gynecologic surgery. Ketamine's beneficial effect on postoperative pain has not been investigated in patients undergoing robot thyroidectomy. The investigators hypothesized that perioperative ketamine administration can reduce acute postoperative pain after robot thyroidectomy and the incidence of chronic pain hypoesthesia on anterior chest at 3 months after surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
64
Ketamine will be infused intraoperatively (0.25 mg/kg intravenous bolus following continuous infusion of 100 mcg/kg/hr).
Normal saline will be infused intraoperatively.
Seoul National University Hospital
Seoul, South Korea
Pain at 24 hour postoperatively
Pain at 24 hour postoperatively will be evaluates using 11 point scale (0:no pain, 10:worst imaginable)
Time frame: at 24 hour postoperatively
Pain at 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hour postoperatively
Pain at 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hour postoperatively will be evaluated using 11-point scale 0:no pain, 10:worst imaginable)
Time frame: at 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hour postoperatively
Time to the first analgesics postoperatively
Time from the end of anesthesia till the first analgesic agent will be recorded at 24 hours postoperatively.
Time frame: At 24 hours postoperatively
Analgesic requirements for 24 hours after surgery
Analgesic requirements for 24 hours after surgery will be evaluated.
Time frame: at 24 hours postoperatively
Chronic pain at 3 month after surgery
Chronic pain at 3 month after surgery will be evaluated.
Time frame: At 3 month after surgery
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