Pilot Study to Evaluate Reparixin With Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With HER 2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)

Phase 1CompletedNCT02001974

Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A33 enrolled

Overview

This is a phase I study to evaluate the safety and define the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of orally administered reparixin in combination with paclitaxel in HER 2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) negative metastatic breast cancer patients. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and define the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of orally administered reparixin in combination with paclitaxel in HER-2 negative MBC patients. The secondary objectives were to: 1. Evaluate the effects of orally administered reparixin on cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, the tumoral microenvironment and markers of cytokine inflammation; 2. Evaluate peripheral blood samples for enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), molecular characterization as CSCs and perform epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarker profiling; 3. Assess disease response for indication of efficacy.

The CSC (Cancer stem cell) concept has important implications for understanding carcinogenesis as well as for the development of cancer therapeutics. According to this concept, tumors are initiated and maintained by a cellular subcomponent that displays stem cell properties. These properties include self-renewal, which drives tumorigenesis, and differentiation (albeit aberrant), which contributes to tumor cellular heterogeneity. The existence of CSCs has been described in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors including those of the breast, brain, colon, pancreas, lung, liver, and head and neck. In addition to driving tumorigenesis, CSCs may contribute to tumor metastasis as well as to tumor recurrence after treatment. One of the therapeutic strategies being pursued to target CSCs involves inhibition of self renewal or survival pathways in these cells. These pathways include NOTCH (Notch signaling pathway), Hedgehog, and WNT (Wnt signaling pathway). Such strategies may be limited by the role of these pathways in normal stem cell function, which could result in systemic toxicities from pathway inhibition. In addition to intrinsic pathways regulating stem cell functions, normal and malignant stem cells are regulated by extrinsic signals generated in the microenvironment or CSC niche. In the breast, this niche is composed of immune cells, mesenchymal elements that include fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and extracellular matrix components. These components play an important role in normal breast development and carcinogenesis. If the cellular microenvironment plays an important role in the regulation of CSC growth and survival, then strategies aimed at interfering with these interactions represent a rational approach to target breast CSCs. There are limited data on the impact of treatment tailoring based on CSCs detection. Gene profiling of CSCs could lead to identification of therapeutic targets on CSCs (e.g. hormone receptors, HER-2 \[Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2\] expression, EGFR \[Epidermal growth factor receptor\] expression), and could represent tumor biopsy in "real time". Several groups showed frequent discordance of HER-2 status between primary tumor and CSCs, and case reports showed clinical utility to use of trastuzumab-based therapy based on HER-2 CSCs status. Similarly, the hormonal status of CSCs could be different from that of the primary tumor, which could lead to increase the number of patients suitable for endocrine therapy, but also could explain why endocrine therapy fails in a subset of hormone receptor-positive patients. The study provided the in vivo demonstration that CXCR-1 (Chemokine receptor 1) targeting with specific blocking antibodies or reparixin is associated with reduced systemic metastases. The experimental data provides another therapeutic target in metastatic disease and warrants a pilot study investigation in humans to further explore effects of reparixin on breast CSCs and the tumoral microenvironment. Reparixin seems to be a good candidate for use in breast cancer patients because of its very acceptable toxicity profile shown in the Phase I and II clinical trials conducted so far, along with its observed activity in vitro against breast cancer cell lines and in vivo in tumor xenografts in mice. It potentially addresses another therapeutic target in metastatic disease. The current pilot study thus aims at exploring the safety and PK profile of orally administered reparixin in HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer patients and its effects on breast CSC markers.

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 65 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Female aged ≥ 18 years. 2. Patients with histologic or cytologic diagnosis of breast cancer with evidence of metastatic disease with documented HER-2 negative status and eligible for treatment with paclitaxel. 3. Patients with at least one baseline measurable lesion according to RECIST version 1.1 criteria. 4. Zubrod (Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group \[ECOG\]) Performance Status (PS) of 0-1. 5. An electrocardiogram (ECG) with no clinically significant abnormalities indicative of myocardial ischemia. 6. Ongoing toxicity associated with prior anticancer therapy ≤ grade 1 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE version 4.03) with the exception of alopecia. 7. Maximum of three prior chemotherapy lines for advanced breast cancer (not including neo/adjuvant chemotherapy). If prior treatment with paclitaxel, PD must have occurred \> 12 months from the end of previous adjuvant treatment or for previous metastatic treatment no PD must have occurred during treatment or within 3 months of the end of treatment 8. Life expectancy of at least three months. 9. Patients must be able to swallow and retain oral medication (intact tablet). 10. Able to undergo all screening assessments outlined in the protocol following written informed consent. 11. Adequate organ function (defined by the following parameters): 1. Serum creatinine \< 140 µmol/L or creatinine clearance \> 60 mL/min. 2. Serum hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL; absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 x 10\*\*9/L; platelets ≥ 100 x 10\*\*9/L. 3. Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper normal limit (UNL). 4. Serum ALT, AST ≤ 2.5 x UNL but ≤ 5.0 x UNL in case of liver metastases; ALP ≤ UNL but ≤ 1.5 x ULN in case of liver metastases; albumin within normal limits. If ALP is greater than 1.5 x UNL (in the presence of liver metastases) the liver isoenzyme fraction will be measured. Liver isoenzyme fraction (absolute value) must be ≤ 1.5 x UNL. 12. No known hepatitis B virus (not due to immunization), hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus Ι and -ΙΙ positive status. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Male. 2. Pregnancy or lactation or unwillingness to use adequate method of birth control. 3. HER-2 positive disease status. 4. Less than four weeks since last chemotherapy, radiotherapy or prior investigational therapy. Less than two weeks since last hormone or immunotherapy or signal transduction therapy. 5. Neurological or psychiatric disorders which may influence understanding of study and informed consent procedures. 6. Active or uncontrolled infection. 7. Malabsorption syndrome, disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function. 8. Hypersensitivity to: 1. paclitaxel 2. ibuprofen or to more than one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. 3. medications belonging to the class of sulfonamides, such as sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine, nimesulide or celecoxib. 9. Presence of brain metastases (this does not include primary brain tumors) or leptomeningeal disease.

Locations (5)

Pinnacle Oncology Hematology; 9055 East Del Camino

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

University of Kansas Medical Center; 4350 Shawnee Mission Parkway

Fairway, Kansas, United States

University of Michigan; 1500 East Medical Center Drive

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; 1025 Walnut Street

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Fox Chase Cancer Center; 333 Cottman Avenue

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

Monitoring of AEs throughout the study till the end/off-treatment visit.

Time frame: Up to 28 days following the last dose of study drug (up to 24 months).

Plasma DF1681Y Concentrations by Time Point

Plasma DF 1681Y concentrations are reported by time point for the PK Population. The CSR also presents: * plots of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 1681Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 1681Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; and * a plot of reparixin versus time on Day -3 and Day 21 on a linear (upper) or semi-log (lower) axis.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

Plasma Unbound DF1681Y Concentrations by Time Point

Plasma unbound DF 1681Y concentrations by time point for the PK Population are reported. CSR also presents: * plots of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for unbound DF 1681Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; and * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for unbound DF 1681Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population.

Time frame: Days -3 (1, 2 hours), 1 (1, 2 hours), 8 (1, 2 hours), and 21 (1, 2 hours) of cycle 1.

Plasma DF2243Y Concentrations by Time Point

DF2243Y, DF2188Y, methanesulfonamide and ibuprofen are the metabolites detected in human plasma and urine, with DF2243Y being the major metabolite. Plasma DF 2243Y concentrations by time point for the PK Population are reported. CSR also presents: * plots of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 2243Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21, respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 2243Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * a plot of DF 2243Y versus time on Day -3 and Day 21 on a linear (upper) or semi-log (lower) axis.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

Plasma DF2188Y Concentrations by Time Point

DF2243Y, DF2188Y, methanesulfonamide and ibuprofen are the metabolites detected in human plasma and urine, with DF2243Y being the major metabolite. Plasma DF 2188Y concentrations by time point for the PK Population are reported. CSR also presents: * a plot of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 2188Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for DF 2188Y on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * a plot of DF 2881Y versus time on Day -3 and Day 21 on a linear (upper) or semi-log (lower) axis.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

Plasma Ibuprofen Concentrations by Time Point

DF2243Y, DF2188Y, methanesulfonamide and ibuprofen are the metabolites detected in human plasma and urine, with DF2243Y being the major metabolite. Plasma ibuprofen concentrations are reported by time point for the PK Population. CSR describes also: * a plot of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for ibuprofen on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for ibuprofen on Days -3, 1, 8 and 21 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * a plot of ibuprofen versus time on Day -3 and Day 21 on a linear (upper) or semi-log (lower) axis.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

Plasma Paclitaxel Concentrations by Time Point

Plasma paclitaxel concentrations are reported by time point for the PK Population. CSR describes also: * A plot of mean plasma PK concentrations versus time for paclitaxel on Days 1 and 8 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * plots of individual plasma PK concentrations versus time for paclitaxel on Days 1 and 8 respectively (linear and semi-logarithmic) for the PK Population; * a plot of paclitaxel versus time on Day 1 and Day 8 on a linear (upper) or semi-log (lower) axis.

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours) and 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours) of cycle 1.

C0 and Cmax for DF1681Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Co is the pre-dose concentration/concentration at time zero. Cmax is the maximum plasma concentration obtained directly from the data without interpolation, expressed in concentration units.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

C0 and Cmax for DF2243Y

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

C0 and Cmax for DF2188Y

Time frame: Days -3 (pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 1 (pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours) and 21 (pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours)

C0 and Cmax for Ibuprofen

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Cmax for Paclitaxel

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours)

Tmax and t1/2 for DF1681Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Tmax is the Time to reach the maximum plasma concentration obtained directly from the data without interpolation. t1/2 is the Elimination half-life, calculated as ln(2)/ Kel (where Kel is the Terminal elimination rate constant, calculated as the negative of the slope of the terminal log-linear segment of the plasma concentration time curve).

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Tmax and t1/2 for DF2243Y

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Tmax and t1/2 for DF2188Y

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Tmax and t1/2 for Ibuprofen

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Tmax and t1/2 for Paclitaxel

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours)

AUC0-8 for DF1681Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. AUC0-8 is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hours post-dose; calculated using the linear trapezoidal method.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

AUC0-8 for DF2243Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. AUC0-8 is The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hours post-dose; calculated using the linear trapezoidal method.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

AUC0-8 for DF2188Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. AUC0-8 is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hours post-dose; calculated using the linear trapezoidal method.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

AUC0-8 for Ibuprofen

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. AUC0-8 is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hours post-dose; calculated using the linear trapezoidal method.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1.

AUC0-8 for Paclitaxel

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. AUC0-8 is the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 8 hours post-dose; calculated using the linear trapezoidal method.

Time frame: Days -3 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours), 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours).

Rac0-8 for DF1681Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Rac AUC0-8 is the Accumulation ratio calculated as the ratio of Day 8 to Day 1 AUC0-8.

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Rac0-8 for DF2243Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Rac AUC0-8 is the Accumulation ratio calculated as the ratio of Day 8 to Day 1 AUC0-8.

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Rac0-8 for DF2188Y

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Rac AUC0-8 is the Accumulation ratio calculated as the ratio of Day 8 to Day 1 AUC0-8.

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Rac0-8 for Ibuprofen

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Rac AUC0-8 is the Accumulation ratio calculated as the ratio of Day 8 to Day 1 AUC0-8.

Time frame: Days 1 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours), and 21 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 hours) of cycle 1

Rac0-24 for Paclitaxel

PK parameters were calculated for cycle 1 only. Rac AUC0-24 is the Accumulation ratio calculated as the ratio of Day 8 to Day 1 AUC0-24.

Time frame: Day 8 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours)

Secondary Outcomes

Count of Patients With Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD), Disease Progression (PD) at Each Assessment Visit

Complete Response/Remission(CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Partial Response/Remission (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of LD of target lesions taking as reference the baseline sum LD. Stable Disease (SD) Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD taking as references the smallest sum LD since the treatment started. Progression of Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of LD of target lesions taking as references the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.

Time frame: At tumor assessments 1-11 and off-treatment visit

Best Overall Response (BOR)

The best overall response (BOR) was defined as the number of patients reaching complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR) or stable disease (SD) according to RECIST criteria version 1.1

Time frame: After 24 weeks

Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR)

The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was defined as the percentage of patients reaching CR, PR or SD according to RECIST criteria version 1.1

Time frame: After 24 weeks

6-month Progression-free Survival Rate

The 6-month progression-free survival rate (%) was defined as the percentage of patients with no mortality and at least 24-week duration of CR, PR or SD according to RECIST criteria version 1.1

Time frame: After 24 weeks

Median Time to Tumor Progression in Days (TTP)

The median time to tumor progression in days (TTP) was defined as the time from the date of the first administration of study drug to the date of the first documentation of progressive disease

Time frame: After 24 weeks

Pilot Study to Evaluate Reparixin With Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With HER 2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (5)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes