Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose of patients with diabetes. This study was designed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions in both healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the GI and effects on glucose excursion of Majia pomelo in both healthy and diabetic subjects. The results may help diabetic subjects and their health care providers in developing a diet that is both medically and culturally appropriate.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
59
The sugar content of the pomelo was 5.86% of full weight, and we use 922g Majia pomelos which contained about 50g sugar equal to 50g glucose for GI measurement.
We dissolved 50 g of glucose in 200 ml water.
For the self-control period the diabetic patients underwent 3-day CSII treatment without change of insulin dose and we did not applied any intervention.
Tongji Hospital
Wuhan, Hubei, China
Glycemic Index
Glycemic index (GI) measurement was carried out after an overnight fast on 2 occasions in every subject, each test being separated from the next by a "washout" day.The first test day utilized 50 g of glucose dissolved in 200 ml water followed sequentially by 50g carbohydrate equivalents of the Majia pomelos. Venous blood samples were collected and monitored during 3 hrs for both the healthy and T2DM individuals at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min. Areas under the curves (AUC) of blood glucose concentrations were obtained. The 50 g of glucose was used as the reference (GI = 100) according to the literature. The AUC under the incremental glycemic-response curves for Majia were expressed as a percentage of the areas under the glucose curves for the same subject. The resulting values for all subjects were averaged to calculate the GI. GI measurement is only calculated in case-control period.
Time frame: 3 days
∆g of Breakfast With/Without Pomelo
After the dose of CSII for each patients were adjusted on the first 3 test days to optimize glucose control, there were 3-day CSII treatment without change of insulin dose. Capillary blood samples were detected before and after meals. Glucose difference (∆g) before and after breakfast were obtained and analyzed. * g of breasfast without pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after breakfast - mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this breakfast. * g of breasfast with pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after breakfast - mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this breakfast.
Time frame: 9 days
∆g of Lunch With/Without Pomelo
After the dose of CSII for each patients were adjusted on the first 3 test days to optimize glucose control, there were 3-day CSII treatment without change of insulin dose. Capillary blood samples were detected before and after meals. Glucose difference (∆g) before and after lunch were obtained and analyzed. * g of lunch without pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after lunch without pomelo - mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this lunch. * g of lunch with pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after lunch with pomelo- mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this lunch.
Time frame: 9 days
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Patients who were included in the test of glycemic responses to postprandial pomelo consumption were hospitalized with the treatment of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion(CSII), and the insulin for CSII was insulin aspart(NovoRapid).
In diabetic group, 20 diabetic patients were included for GI measurement , 18 of whom were on metformin treatment. Only 2 patients were on diet control due to the early stage of this disease.
∆g of Dinner With/Without Pomelo
After the dose of CSII for each patients were adjusted on the first 3 test days to optimize glucose control, there were 3-day CSII treatment without change of insulin dose. Capillary blood samples were detected before and after meals. Glucose difference (∆g) before and after dinner were obtained and analyzed. * g of dinner without pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after dinner without pomelo - mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this dinner. * g of dinner with pomelo=mean of 3 days of postprandial blood glucose after dinner with pomelo - mean of 3 days of blood glucose before this dinner.
Time frame: 9 days
AUCs With/Without Pomelo
Patients of Diabetic 2 group were on CSII treatment with insulin subcutaneous pump.The scheme and dose of CSII for each patients were adjusted on the first 3 test days to optimize glucose control, followed by 3-day CSII treatment without change of insulin dose. On the 7th test day, patients consumed 100g Majia pomelos after meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for 3 test days. Capillary blood samples were detected before and after meals, 10pm, and 3am. Mean of each time point(before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner,10pm, and 3am ) of blood glucose concentrations on 4th to 6th day（without pomelo） were calculated and so as each time point of blood glucose concentrations on 7th to 9th day (with pomelo). Areas under the curves (AUC) of mean blood glucose concentrations of each time point were obtained with/without pomelo.
Time frame: 9 days