Etomidate is an unique drug used for induction of general anesthesia and sedation. Adrenal cortical inhibition by etomidate has received much attention. However wether the circadian rhythm and pulse secretion pattern of cortisol in children are the same as that in adults is not known. Moreover, the effect of etomidate on circadian rhythm changes and clinical outcomes has never been carefully studied in children undergoing surgery. Our hypothesis is that etomidate can relieve the changes of circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in children for 24-48 hours，and this does not make clinical outcomes worse postoperatively.
* Sample size assessment: Using formula to calculate the total number is 30. * Statistical analysis: ANOVA * Reporting for adverse events: During the period of study, if there is any severe adverse event happening, such as severe infection, severe low cortisol concentration threatening the patient's life we will stop the trial.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
30
department of anesthesia of Xinhua Hospital
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
RECRUITINGChange from baseline in salivary cortisol at the operative day
At the time of 8am(baseline) and at the time of 8pm in the operative day , get salivary samples to calculate the change of salivary cortisol
Time frame: baseline(8am), 8pm
Change from baseline in salivary cortisol at the first day after surgery
At the time of 8am(baseline) and at the time of 8pm in the first day after surgery , get salivary samples to calculate the change of salivary cortisol
Time frame: baseline(8am), 8pm
Numbers of Acquired Infection Events
Acquired infection using extra antibiotics(not prophylactic antibiotics) after surgery.
Time frame: up to 10 days after surgery
Numbers of using inotropic drugs
Inotropic drugs include norepinephrine, adrenaline, phenylephrine and dopamine.
Time frame: within 3 days
Days of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery
Days of stay in ICU after surgery.
Time frame: up to 10 days after surgery
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