Effects of Nut Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects were enrolled if their body mass index (BMI) was ≥23 kg/m2 and they met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects were excluded if they had a nut allergy, peptic disorder, a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease including coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, or stroke, or established chronic diseases such as chronic renal insufficiency or cirrhosis. Subjects were also excluded if they:1) were receiving treatment with hypoglycemic agents for diabetes or had HbA1c \>7%; 2) were receiving corticosteroid treatment; 3) had started antihypertensive or lipid-lowering agents, or changed their doses within the previous month; 4) had a weight change ≥5 % of body weight during the three months prior to the study; 5) were pregnant; or 6) were regular nut consumers (\>15g/day of nuts at least three times a week).