The Role of Cerebral Oximetry in Pediatric Concussion Assessment

INCLUSION CRITERIA: All Participants * Age 10-18 years at time of visit Concussion Group * Present to JHH PED within the first 24 hours following trauma. * Diagnosis of concussion as defined by the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport (McCrory), including the presence of any one or more of the following: 1. Symptoms (ie. headache, neck pain, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, balance problems, sensitive to light, sensitivity to noise, feeling slowed down, feeling in a fog, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, more emotional, irritability, sadness, nervous) 2. Physical Signs (ie. loss of consciousness, unsteadiness) 3. Impaired brain function (ie. confusion) * Glasgow Coma Score of 13-15 upon arrival to JHH PED. * Loss of consciousness of less than 15 minutes (if applicable). * No structural intracranial injuries identified on neuroimaging (if completed). EXCLUSION CRITERIA All Participants * History of prior concussion or traumatic brain injury within preceding 6 weeks. * History of prior intracranial disease or mass (ie. tumor, intraventricular hemorrhage, etc.) * Presence of intracranial hardware. * Complaints of respiratory distress, tachypnea or hypoxia, which may affect regional cerebral oxygen saturation. * Inability to stand secondary to lower extremity disease or trauma, which is required for completion of SCAT2. * Inability to complete SCAT2 questionnaire secondary to developmental delay. * Child in foster care or legal guardian not available. * Participant known to be pregnant, which alters total body blood flow and likely affects regional cerebral oxygen saturation. * Non-English speaking.