This study compared the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib to Best Available Therapy (BAT) in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) who were hydroxyurea (HU) resistant or intolerant and did not have a palpable spleen.
This was a prospective, multi-center, open-label, randomized, Phase IIIb study evaluating efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib versus BAT as selected by the Investigator in patients with PV who are resistant to, or intolerant of HU. The study comprised of the following periods: Screening Period (up to 5 weeks: Day -35 to Day -1): Screening evaluations were performed at one or more clinic visits, and reviewed to determine eligibility before the patient was randomized in the study. Core Treatment Period (Day 1 to Week 80): Patients were randomized in 1:1 ratio to either treatment group (ruxolitinib or BAT) and were to be treated with their randomized treatment. Crossover Treatment Period (Week 28 or after) for BAT patients only: Patients randomized to BAT who did not respond by Week 28 were eligible to crossover and start treatment with ruxolitinib. Patients crossing over on or after Week 28 had to complete all assessments for the End of Treatment (EoT) visit of the Core Treatment Period followed by the assessments in Cross-over visit evaluation schedule. Extended Treatment Period (Week 80 to Week 260): Patients receiving ruxolitinib at Week 80 (including patients who have crossed over from BAT) were eligible to continue up to Week 260 in the Extended Treatment Period. Patients continued the ruxolitinib dose that they received at Week 80. Patients who received BAT at Week 80 were not eligible to enter the Extended Treatment Period and had to have the EoT visit at Week 80 and an End of study (EoS) visit 30 days after the EoT visit. Follow-up Period: Patients were followed for safety during 30 days after the last dose of study drug and EoS visit assessments were performed post 30 days after the last dose of study drug. Patients who completed EoT (Week 80 for patients who received BAT, Week 260 for patients who received ruxolitinib or from the time of premature discontinuation) were to be followed-up for every 3 months for survival till the end of the study.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
149
Best Available Therapy as selected by the investigator from: Hydroxyurea, Pegylated-Interferon (IFN/PEG-IFN), pipobroman, anagrelide, IMIDs, or observation. Participants randomized to BAT who did not respond by Week 28 were eligible to crossover and start treatment with ruxolitinib.
Ruxolitinib was administered at a starting dose of 10 mg twice a day (bid). Dose was adjusted based on efficacy and safety parameters up to a maximum dose of 25 mg bid.
Number of Participants Achieving Hematocrit (Hct) Control at Week 28
Proportion of patients achieving Hct control at Week 28 was defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 28, with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8. Phlebotomy eligibility was defined by: * Confirmed Hct \> 45% that is at least 3 percentage points higher than the Hct obtained at Baseline Or * Confirmed Hct \> 48% The confirmation occurred 2 to 14 days subsequent to the initial observation.
Time frame: Week 28
Number of Participants Achieving a Complete Hematological Remission at Week 28
Proportion of patients achieving a complete hematological remission at Week 28 was defined by: * Hct control at Week 28 defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 28, with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8, and * WBC \< 10 x109/L at Week 28, and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 109/L at Week 28
Time frame: Week 28
Number of Participants Achieving a Hematocrit (Hct) Control at Week 52 and Week 80
Proportion of patients achieving a Hct control at Week 52 was defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 52, and no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8 \- Endpoint for Week 80 was defined, similarly.
Time frame: Week 52 and 80
Number of Participants Achieving a Complete Hematological Remission at Week 52 and Week 80
Proportion of patients achieving a complete hematological remission at Week 52, was defined by: * Hct control at Week 52, as defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 52 with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8, and * White Blood Count (WBC) \< 10 x10\^9/L at Week 52, and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 10\^9/L at Week 52 * Endpoint for Week 80 was defined, similarly.
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Novartis Investigative Site
Herston, Queensland, Australia
Novartis Investigative Site
Antwerp, Belgium
Novartis Investigative Site
Leuven, Belgium
Novartis Investigative Site
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Novartis Investigative Site
Bayonne, Bayonne Cedex, France
Novartis Investigative Site
Bordeaux, France
Novartis Investigative Site
Brest, France
Novartis Investigative Site
Lille, France
Novartis Investigative Site
Nice, France
Novartis Investigative Site
Paris, France
...and 38 more locations
Time frame: Week 52 and 80
Number of Participants With Phlebotomies Over Time
Phlebotomy eligibility was defined by Confirmed Hct \> 45% that is at least 3 percentage points higher than the Hct obtained at Baseline Or Confirmed Hct \> 48%. The confirmation occurred 2 to 14 days subsequent to the initial observation.
Time frame: Baseline to Week 260
Change From Baseline in Hematocrit (Hct) at Each Visit
Hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 40, 52, 66, 80, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234, 247 and 260
Change From Baseline in Hematocrit (Hct) at Each Scheduled Visit After Crossover in Participants Randomized to BAT Who Cross Over to Ruxolitinib
Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood.
Time frame: Baseline (last assessment before cross over), Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 40, 52, 64, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206, 219 and 232 after cross-over
Spleen Length by Visit
Spleen length was assessed by manual palpation at every study visit.
Time frame: Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 40, 52, 66, 80, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234, 247 and 260
Change From Baseline in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status to Week 28
The ECOG scale of performance status described the level of functioning of participants in terms of their ability to care for themselves, daily activity, and physical ability. The ECOG performance was recorded as per ECOG performance status grades ranging from 0 (fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction) to 5 (dead).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 28
Number of Participants Achieving a Partial Remission Based on the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) Criteria at Week 28
Proportion of patients achieving a partial remission at Week 28, based on the ELN and IWG-MRT criteria, as defined by: * Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN-SAF TSS) score reduction of greater than or equal to 10 points from baseline to Week 28, and * Hct control defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 28, with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8, and * WBC \< 10 x10\^9/L at Week 28, and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 10\^9/L at Week 28, and * No palpable spleen at Week 28, and * No hemorrhagic or thrombotic events, and * No transformation into post-PV myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome (IWG-MRT criteria) or acute leukemia (WHO criteria).
Time frame: Week 28
Number of Participants Who Achieved Partial Remission Based on the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) Criteria at Week 52 and Week 80
Proportion of patients who achieved partial remission at Week 52 based on the ELN and IWG-MRT criteria, as defined by: * MPN-SAF TSS score reduction of greater than or equal to 10 points from baseline to Week 52 and * Hct control defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 52 with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8, and * WBC \< 10 x109/L at Week 52 and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 109/L at Week 52 and * No palpable spleen at Week 52 and * No hemorrhagic or thrombotic events, and * No transformation into post-PV myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome (IWG-MRT criteria) or acute leukemia (WHO criteria). * Endpoint for Week 80 was defined, similarly.
Time frame: Week 52 and 80
Number of Participants Achieving a Hematocrit (Hct) Control at Week 104, Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260.
Proportion of patients achieving a Hct control at Week 104 as defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 104 and with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8 Endpoint for Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260 were defined, similarly.
Time frame: From Week 8 to Week 104, 156, 208 and 260
Number of Participants Achieving a Complete Hematological Remission at Week 104, Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260
Proportion of patients achieving a complete hematological remission at Week 104 as defined by Hct control defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 104, with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post randomization and prior to Week 8, and * WBC \< 10 x10\^9/L at Week 104, and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 10\^9/L at Week 104 Endpoint for Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260 were defined, similarly.
Time frame: From Week 8 to Week 104, 156, 208 and 260
Number of Participants Who Achieved Partial Remission Based on the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) Criteria at Week 104, Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260.
Proportion of patients who achieved partial remission at Week 104, based on the ELN and IWG-MRT criteria, as defined by: * MPN-SAF TSS score reduction of greater than or equal to 10 points from baseline to Week 104, and * Hct control defined by the absence of phlebotomy eligibility starting at Week 8 and continuing through Week 104, with no more than one phlebotomy eligibility occurring post-randomization and prior to Week 8, and * WBC \< 10 x10\^9/L at Week 104, and * Platelets ≤ 400 x 10\^9/L at Week 104, and * No palpable spleen at Week 104, and * No hemorrhagic or thrombotic events, and * No transformation into post-PV myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome (IWG-MRT criteria) or acute leukemia (WHO criteria) Endpoint for Week 156, Week 208 and Week 260 are defined, similarly.
Time frame: From Week 8 to Week 104, 156, 208 and 260
Number of Participants With Transformation Free Survival Events
Transformation-free survival is defined as one of the following: 1. Myelofibrosis (MF) as evidenced by bone marrow biopsy, or 2. Acute leukemia as evidenced by bone marrow blast counts of at least 20%, or peripheral blast counts of at least 20% lasting at least 2 weeks. 3. Death due to any cause during treatment period
Time frame: Week 260 (ruxolitinib arm) and Week 80 (BAT arm)
Number of Participants With Overall Survival (OS) Events
Overall survival (OS) event is defined as death due to any cause. OS events were counted in the BAT arm, irrespective of whether participants crossed over to receive ruxolitinib when the event occurred.
Time frame: up to Week 260
Change From Baseline in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MPN-SAF TSS)
The MPN-SAF TSS is a disease specific questionnaire comprised of 10 items that measures fatigue related to MPN disease and the severity of nine of the most prevalent associated symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale ranging from 0 (no fatigue/absent) to 10 (As bad as you can imagine/worst imaginable).The MPN-SAF TSS is computed as the average of the observed items multiplied by 10 to achieve a 0-to-100 scale. The MPN-SAF TSS thus has a possible score range of 0 to 100 where a decrease indicates improvement.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, 8, 16, 28, 40, 52, 80, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234 and 247
Change From Baseline in Total Scores of MPN-SAF by Visit in Patients From BAT Group Who Cross Over to Ruxolitinib After Crossover
The MPN-SAF TSS is a disease specific questionnaire comprised of 10 items that measures fatigue related to MPN disease and the severity of nine of the most prevalent associated symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale ranging from 0 (no fatigue/absent) to 10 (As bad as you can imagine/worst imaginable).The MPN-SAF TSS is computed as the average of the observed items multiplied by 10 to achieve a 0-to-100 scale. The MPN-SAF TSS thus has a possible score range of 0 to 100 where a decrease indicates improvement.
Time frame: Baseline (last assessment before cross over), Week 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 40, 52, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234 and 247 after cross-over
Change From Baseline in Score as Per European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) Questionnaire
EQ-5D-5L is a standardized instrument for measuring health outcomes in a wide range of health conditions and treatments. It consists of visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) which records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labeled 'Best imaginable health state' and 'worst imaginable health state'. The EQ VAS scores were anchored on 100 = the best health you can imagine and 0 = worst health you can imagine.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, 8, 16, 28, 52, 80, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234 and 247
Change From Baseline in EQ-5D-5L VAS, by Visit in Patients From BAT Group Who Cross Over to Ruxolitinib After Crossover
EQ-5D-5L is a standardized instrument for measuring health outcomes in a wide range of health conditions and treatments. It consists of visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) which records the respondent's self-rated health on a vertical, visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labeled 'Best imaginable health state' and 'worst imaginable health state'. The EQ VAS scores were anchored on 100 = the best health you can imagine and 0 = worst health you can imagine.
Time frame: Baseline (last assessment before cross over), Week 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 52, 92, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195, 208, 221, 234 and 247 after cross-over
Change From Baseline in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire
The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem (WPAI:SHP) is a six item questionnaire which intended to measure work and activity impairment associated with polycythemia vera. WPAI consisted of 6 questions (Q1=Employment status; Q2=Hours absent from work due to the polycythemia vera; Q3=Hours absent from work due to other reasons; Q4=Hours actually worked; Q5=Impact of the polycythemia vera on productivity while working; Q6=Impact of the polycythemia vera on productivity while doing regular daily activities other than work). Higher WPAI scores indicated greater activity impairment. Scores were multiplied by 100 to express in percentages. Percent work time missed due to problem (past 7 days) =Q2/(Q2+Q4) Percent impairment while working due to problem (past 7 days): Q5/10 Percent overall work impairment due to problem (past 7 says): Q2/(Q2+Q4)+\[(1 Q2/(Q2+Q4))x(Q5/10)\] Percent activity impairment due to problem (past 7 says): Q6/10
Time frame: Baseline, Week 4, 8, 16, 28, 52 and 80
Change From Baseline in Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), by Visit in Patients From BAT Group Who Cross Over to Ruxolitinib After Crossover
The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem (WPAI:SHP) is a six item questionnaire which intended to measure work and activity impairment associated with polycythemia vera. WPAI consisted of 6 questions (Q1=Employment status; Q2=Hours absent from work due to the polycythemia vera; Q3=Hours absent from work due to other reasons; Q4=Hours actually worked; Q5=Impact of the polycythemia vera on productivity while working; Q6=Impact of the polycythemia vera on productivity while doing regular daily activities other than work). Higher WPAI scores indicated greater activity impairment. Scores were multiplied by 100 to express in percentages. Percent work time missed due to problem (past 7 days) =Q2/(Q2+Q4) Percent impairment while working due to problem (past 7 days): Q5/10 Percent overall work impairment due to problem (past 7 says): Q2/(Q2+Q4)+\[(1 Q2/(Q2+Q4))x(Q5/10)\] Percent activity impairment due to problem (past 7 says): Q6/10
Time frame: Baseline (last assessment before cross over), Week 4, 8, 16, 24, 28 and 52 after cross-over
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is comprised of a single question intended to measure a patient's perspective of improvement or deterioration over time relative to treatment. The PGIC uses a seven-point scale where one (1) equals very much improved and seven (7) equals very much worse.
Time frame: Week 4, 8, 16, 28, 40, 52 and 80
Summary of Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), by Visit in Patients From BAT Group Who Cross Over to Ruxolitinib After Crossover
The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is comprised of a single question intended to measure a patient's perspective of improvement or deterioration over time relative to treatment. The PGIC uses a seven-point scale where one (1) equals very much improved and seven (7) equals very much worse.
Time frame: Baseline (last assessment before cross over), Week 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 40, and 52 after cross-over
Number of Participants Developing Thrombosis
Proportion of participants developing any arterial or venous thromboembolic event
Time frame: From randomization to Week 80 for BAT and Week 260 for Ruxolitinib