Clock Genes in Patients With Refractory Septic Shock (SeptiClock) - Pilot Study

Inclusion Criteria: * Male and female patients with age 18 years and above, * Patient at intensive care units (8i, 9i and 1i at Charité - University Medicine Berlin , Campus Virchow- Klinikum), * Septic shock (ACCP/SCCM (American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine) consensus definitions) AND Norepinephrine dosage of \>0.3 μg/kg/min for at least 2 hours Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or lactating female patient, * Participation in another interventional study (30 days before study inclusion and during study participation), * Acute leucemia, * Severe leukocytosis (\>50,000/nl), * Severe thrombocytopenia (\<5,000/nl), * Autoimmune disease with systemic medication of ≥10 mg prednisolone equivalent or previous transplantation, * Patients receiving interferon therapy (last 14 days), * Patients with known hypersensitivity GM-CSF or known antibodies against GM-CSF, yeast-derived products or any component of the study medication, * Ongoing (concomitant) chemotherapy or radiotherapy for malignancy, * Acute pulmonary embolism or acute myocardial infarction within last 72 hours, * Cardiopulmonary resuscitation within last 7 days, * Moribund patient (life expectancy \<72 hrs.), * Presence of a do-not-resuscitate or do-not-intubate order, * Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic viral hepatitis * Lacking willingness to save and hand out data within the study * Accommodation in an institution due to an official or judicial order * The informed consent of the patient or the subject's legally acceptable representative can´t be obtained in time * Patient has a power of attorney or patient's provision, where he/she refuses participation in any clinical trial