The purpose of this study is to evaluate atomoxetine's effects on the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine in a controlled human laboratory study with 24 otherwise healthy nicotine dependent subjects. It is hypothesized that atomoxetine will attenuate the negative effects of nicotine.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
West Haven Veterans Affairs
West Haven, Connecticut, United States
Nicotine Effects Questionnaire
Subjects will rate 6 items that are related to nicotine effect on a 100 mm scale, "not at all" to "extremely." The items are feeling the drug strength, feel "good" drug effects, feel "bad" drug effects, feel jittery, feel stimulated, and head rush. This instrument is an abbreviated version of a visual analog scale (VAS) and allows rapid detection of nicotine effects.
Time frame: Day 5
Nicotine Effects Questionnaire
Subjects will rate 6 items that are related to nicotine effect on a 100 mm scale, "not at all" to "extremely." The items are feeling the drug strength, feel "good" drug effects, feel "bad" drug effects, feel jittery, feel stimulated, and head rush. This instrument is an abbreviated version of a visual analog scale (VAS) and allows rapid detection of nicotine effects.
Time frame: Day 17
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is a 20-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms. The range of scores is from 0 to 60, with higher scores reflecting increased depressive symptoms 41. The CES-D does not heavily depend on pathological items compared with other scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory and does not define clinical depression.
Time frame: Day 5
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS )
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS ) is a 20-item scale that assesses both negative and positive affective states. Subjects rate adjectives describing affective states on a scale of 1 to 5 using a specified time period (e.g., now, today, past week etc.). Scores are then added up to generate negative and positive scale scores.
Time frame: Day 5
The Profile of Mood States (POMS)
The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a 72-item questionnaire which consists of adjectives commonly used to describe momentary mood states. It has been found to be sensitive to the mood-altering effects of drugs including nicotine. POMS has a 5-point objective rating scale (0=not at all to 5=extremely). There are eight mood states that this scale measures: (1) Anger, (2) Anxiety, (3) Confusion, (4) Depression, (5) Elation, (6) Fatigue, (7) Friendliness and (8) Vigor. POMS will be used during each session to measure effects of atomoxetine or nicotine on mood.
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Time frame: Day 5
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is a 20-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms. The range of scores is from 0 to 60, with higher scores reflecting increased depressive symptoms 41. The CES-D does not heavily depend on pathological items compared with other scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory and does not define clinical depression.
Time frame: Day 17
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS )
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS ) is a 20-item scale that assesses both negative and positive affective states 44. Subjects rate adjectives describing affective states on a scale of 1 to 5 using a specified time period (e.g., now, today, past week etc.). Scores are then added up to generate negative and positive scale scores.
Time frame: Day 17
The Profile of Mood States (POMS)
The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a 72-item questionnaire which consists of adjectives commonly used to describe momentary mood states. It has been found to be sensitive to the mood-altering effects of drugs including nicotine. POMS has a 5-point objective rating scale (0=not at all to 5=extremely). There are eight mood states that this scale measures: (1) Anger, (2) Anxiety, (3) Confusion, (4) Depression, (5) Elation, (6) Fatigue, (7) Friendliness and (8) Vigor. POMS will be used during each session to measure effects of atomoxetine or nicotine on mood.
Time frame: Day 17
Symptom Checklist Form (SCF)
In order to monitor adverse events from the study medications, SCF will be administered before and after each session. SCF is a locally developed symptom checklist that includes possible side effects of study medications with each symptom being scored 1-5.
Time frame: Day 5
Symptom Checklist Form (SCF)
In order to monitor adverse events from the study medications, SCF will be administered before and after each session. SCF is a locally developed symptom checklist that includes possible side effects of study medications with each symptom being scored 1-5.
Time frame: Day 17
Nicotine Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (NWSC)
Smokers will be asked to rate several nicotine withdrawal symptoms on a likert scale visual analogue. There are 12 items responses range from 0, "not at all" to 3 "extremely".
Time frame: Day 5
Nicotine Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (NWSC)
Smokers will be asked to rate several nicotine withdrawal symptoms on a likert scale visual analogue. There are 12 items responses range from 0, "not at all" to 3 "extremely".
Time frame: Day 17