Oxytocin in Opiate Dependence: A Pilot Study of the Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Emotional Processes and Stress Responses in Patients With Opiate Dependence

Inclusion Criteria: * adult men 18 years or older * meet DSM-IV criteria for opiate dependence, and no other active substance dependence disorder save nicotine dependence * clinically stable, and low risk for suicide as determined by principal investigator and screening questionnaire * abstinent from non-prescribed opiate use for at least two weeks from Baseline 1 and free from opiate withdrawal symptoms. If on agonist therapy, dose must be stable for 2 weeks before study visit. * must be able to use nasal spray * negative salivary drug screen, save for opiates Exclusion Criteria: * any active medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator will interfere with the objectives of the study * any active, severe mental illness, neurological disorder, including schizophrenia, autism, Asperger's syndrome * are unsuitable in any way to participate in this study, in the opinion of the investigator * hospitalizations due to complications of an Axis 1 disorder for the past 12 months, excluding drug or alcohol rehabilitation * any clinically significant chronic pain condition, as determined by the principal investigator * positive salivary drug screen at the time of the visit, for any substance other than opiates or another prescribed medication