Occupational Status and Hematological Disease

Overview

Diseases do not only have a physical role in people's live, but they usually involve changes in life as whole. They may modify the structure of the conjunction with life setting, thus, deeply impacting relationships with others. While clinical results of new therapies for hematological diseases are well documented in scientific literature in terms of prolonged life expectancy or remission from disease, less is known about problems and barriers preventing the return of patients with a chronic blood ailment to everyday life. Indeed, there are no published data on this topic within the Italian context. The present explorative study aims at identifying the main problems with which patients affected by a Chronic Hematological Disease (CHD) deal when returning to everyday working life, factors associated with work reintegration and, finally, to understand the need for facilitators enhancing reintegration outcomes. Results from this study will be also helpful to raise consciousness about the problem of reintegration into the labour market of workers with CHD and to call for awareness campaigns for the general public and health professionals.

A disease doesn't have only a physical side but usually involves changes in the person as whole. It changes the structure of the relationship between a person and his life setting, deeply impacting the way her/he relates to others and to himself. While clinical results of new therapies about hematological pathologies are well documented in scientific literature in terms of prolonged life expectancy or remission from disease, less is known about problems and barriers preventing the return of patients with a chronic blood ailment to everyday life. A number of economists have argued that there is a causal link between increasing inequality and the financial crisis. Evidence from different EU Member States shows that people who declare themselves as being permanently disabled are over-represented among people at risk of poverty or social exclusion compared to the whole population. In Italy, in the second quarter of 2011, 6 million 556 thousand people aged 15-64 years (16.5% of the population of this age group) claimed to be suffering from one or more longstanding health problems or functional difficulties. Health problems represent a barrier to the inclusion in the labour market. More than 50% of those suffering from more than one health problem or functional difficulties is inactive, this share decreases significantly among those who complain about one problem or difficulty (39.9%) and no problem (35.5%). Among persons employed who complain of poor health conditions, about one in 10 may rely on one or more types of assistance in their place of work: availability of special equipment or workplace adaptations, personal service, special working arrangements. Among people who do not have a job, however, more than a quarter (26.6%) would need to receive at least one type of assistance in order to work. People with long-term illnesses have an higher probability of leaving the workforce at an early age and people who continue to work despite health problems are likely to be less productive than healthy people. Thus, without a timely and appropriate reintegration, they may be less likely to return to work. In this scenario it's of utmost importance to increase the overall capability to deliver targeted actions in order to be able to support people at risk of social -work exclusion. Policy instruments being able to provide access to the labour market also play an important role, as well as measures in favor of education. Studies have shown several benefits associated with returning to work after cancer, including addressing financial needs, providing a distraction and an overall improvement in quality of life. Health professionals advice and support and the role of the employers in providing a sound workplace accommodation may play an important role in this regard but, on the other hand, a number of studies show an association between cancer survivorship and risk of unemployment. The impact of returning to work after (or during) a long-term illness must be evaluated also from the perspective of the family and of the community. It could be very hard for partners and other relatives to conciliate their work duties with the task of taking care of the sick person - in terms of time and of mental strain. While laws usually allow for a number of measures to ease this issue, more information is often needed to workers and to employers. The cost of a sick worker, from the viewpoint of the community, includes not only the cost of health care and rehabilitation but also the lost productivity of those who quit work and the cost linked to the possible impoverishment of the worker and her/his family for the years to come. At present time there are no published studies that investigated these issues in patients with hematological malignancies in the Italian context. This explorative study aims at identifying the main problems that patients of Chronic Hematological Disease (CHD) deal when returning to everyday working life, factors associated with job reintegration and to understand the need for facilitators enhancing reintegration outcomes. Results from this study will be also helpful in the effort of raising consciousness about the problem of reintegration in the labour market of workers with CHD and to call for awareness campaigns for the general public and health professionals.